June 7, 2021

"An acquaintance or colleague mistakes you for another person with the same hairdo or a similar name. But for people of Asian descent..."

"... it happens without question when there are a few other Asians in the office, even when they look and sound nothing alike.... There’s even a term for it: the interchangeable Asian.... [S]cholars of sociology, psychology and Asian American history said there was something serious — and damaging — behind this phenomenon of casual Asian-face blindness that borders on cavalier. Some pointed to unconscious biases that make office workers less inclined to remember the names and faces of Asian colleagues.... Others labeled the carelessness a form of discrimination derived from stereotypes with deep roots in American history that people with Asian heritage all behave and look alike — an army of nameless automatons not worth remembering for promotions....  If one requirement to ascend in your career is to be distinguishable to people in power, it may come as no surprise, then, that Asian Americans — who make up 7 percent of the U.S. population and are the fastest-growing racial group — are the least likely group to be promoted in the country, according to multiple studies.... An overwhelming majority of workers I interviewed said they did not clarify to their colleagues that they had been mistaken for the wrong Asian because they wanted to avoid confrontation."

From "The Cost of Being an ‘Interchangeable Asian’/At some top companies, Asian Americans are overrepresented in midlevel roles and underrepresented in leadership. The root of this workplace inequality could stem from the all-too-common experience of being confused for someone else" (NYT).

17 comments:

Ann Althouse said...

Terri writes:

While I don't doubt this phenomenon, I must say that after spending a summer in SE Asia during college, when I stepped off the plane at LAX, all of those white people looked alike to me. (I am white myself.)

I think whatever you're used to looking at (or hearing, if my impression of the undifferentiated mass of music my teenagers listen to is representative) is what you can most easily pick out the minor details of, and many faces are just minor details.

Ann Althouse said...

Temujin writes:

"it may come as no surprise, then, that Asian Americans — who make up 7 percent of the U.S. population and are the fastest-growing racial group — are the least likely group to be promoted in the country, according to multiple studies."

This seems like the NYT looking in all the wrong places for racism. As someone has recently said: there's a lot more demand for racism than the actual supply.

I would suggest that, if Asians are getting passed up for promotions, the reason is more likely that they do not check the appropriate race boxes than it is that they were mistaken for some other Asian person. What a bizarre stretch!

If I can generalize, Asians, as a group tend to focus on family, education, and achievement. They are not alone in some ethnic groups with these characteristics, but they are the best at it, or right there near the top. I can think of one other ethnic group that also does well in these categories- as a group. And they too are not currently checking off the correct boxes. Society at large does not like constant achievers when others are not doing so well. In fact, we're steamrolling into a society that is trying to hamstring the achievers to bring them back to the pack, therefore making 'the pack' feel more like they've achieved. When everybody is doing equally mediocre, then nobody has an upper hand, right? (we're moving toward Harrison Bergeron territory).

I will say that at my last job, there was an Asian young man who joked with me upon meeting him for the first time, that I would probably mix him up because "all of us Asians look alike to you white people". He said it jokingly, but clearly, it was something he'd faced or was taught to look for. I never mistook him. Nor my daughter in laws (two of them) for anyone else. Nor any members of their families. Nor any other Asian people I have personally known. So I do think this is a case of the demand for racism far outstripping the actual supply.

We all recognize those people we actually know. And if you don't recognize people you actually know, it's a 'You' problem. You need to pay attention, look people in the face, the eyes. Actually see them.

Ann Althouse said...

Lyssa writes:

As a redhead, this has happened to me a lot. People just key in on a single characteristic and that’s what they remember, whether it’s hair or height or first letter of the name or whatever.

On one memorable occasion, I was part of a community group, and another two members had just announced they were expecting. The wife was a redhead, though I would say we looked nothing alike. At a meeting one evening, middle-aged women kept coming up to me and asking me how I was. When I would respond politely (“I’m fine, how are you?”) they would ask more forcefully, “No, how *are*you?” It wasn’t until one woman grabbed my hands and enthusiastically cried “Babies, babies, babies!” that I figured out what was going on. And was quite embarrassed.

Ann Althouse said...

Tim writes:

This is a universal phenomenon that has been well understood for generations. We distinguish faces based on what we are used to and what we are used to may not be applicable to other races. White people have many different types of hair--color, texture, etc. and so type of hair is something white people look to when identifying others. Black people all have similar hair (not talking styles, I'm talking natural hair--tight kinky black hair) and so they look more at the hairline. Asians also all have similar hair and so would also not use that feature to distinguish between people. But white people do, which makes it harder for white people's brains to identify individual Blacks and Asians. And so it goes through the different facial features, you are more attuned to the nuances of what you are used to. It's not racism, it's neurobiology.

It's appalling that in our society, a totally normal honest mistake that is the result of brain function that is common to every race becomes a sign of oppression if the person making the mistake is white.

Ann Althouse said...

Maybe it would be a good idea for those who want to advance in a crowded workplace to adopt some clear visual cue — perhaps something about the hair like a bright-colored streak or something else in the head area — trademark jewelry, a facial tattoo, a gold tooth...

Ann Althouse said...

Joe writes:

...I don't click on NYT articles because I always get blocked, but has anyone studied this from an evolutionary perspective?

White Europeans lived for hundreds of thousands of years without ever seeing an Asian or a Black face. It makes sense that whites developed a finely-honed sense of recognizing other whites. Maybe it was because if you met a man on a trail with a big nose, he was part of the big-nose tribe ( early Italians? : ) ) that wanted to kill members of your own tribe. It was probably a key to survival.

Asian or black faces would have been automatically categorized as 'other' with no need to discern features that would allow you to tell them apart.

Having lived in Japan, I am still pretty bad at telling a Japanese person from a Chinese person. Yes, there are broad stereotypes that help (most stereotypes have some basis in truth or they wouldn't exist). For instance, Koreans tend to be bigger/chubbier and have rounder faces.

But having lived in Tokyo, it is very simple to tell Suzuki-san from Matsuoka-san because you spend time with them. The difficult part is, during business hours, most men and women who work in an office dress almost uniformly the same. Dark skirt, white shirt, and dark shoes for women. Dark suit, dark tie, black or brown shoes, and white shirt for men. There are no crazy-dressing, tie-dye-wearing, Birkenstock-shod workers there. So if you pass Suzuki-san on the street during the day, he is going to really blend in with the crowd.

Ann Althouse said...

Washington Blogger writes:

I have to second Terri's comment. As the white parent of 6 asian children, I have been immersed in Asian culture for decades. Still, when I first started watching Asian TV shows and Asian music videos with my older kids, I initially had trouble keeping track of the characters.

Over time I was much more able to recognize distinctions. Did my earlier failures suggest a deep seated hatred and contempt for Asians? I hate that every issue involving everything is automatically ascribed to deep seated American contempt and hatred of all things non-white. It's what is breeding such people as Dr. Khilanani and the institutions that give them voice. It is nice to see that there is pushback (at least for now), but that is just that Dr. Khilanani said the quiet part out loud too soon.

Two other observations. One, we all have limited processing power and make very fast and gross judgments on many things because we don't have the time or energy to evaluate the complete set of details and only do so when it is necessary. In effect, we read the abstract and not the whole paper.

Two, white people in America are not homogenous. If I went to Norway, would I also have difficulty keeping the players straight without a program? Many Asian cultures ARE homogenous and the lack of variation in some key areas means that we can't use blonde vs redhead, as easily to categorize someone, we have to take in more details, and that takes effort that we might not have time for given all the other demands on our time and energy.

Ann Althouse said...

John Henry writes:

I call BS. I’d never heard of the term before and wondered if I had missed something. I did a search (Duck Duck Go, not Google) and other than links to the article, found nothing on the first 5-6 pages. There was one article from a site called TV tropes that has no date and does not reference the article so maybe.

I then tried searching +“Interchangeable Asian” -cost to get rid of references to the article. All I found then was a few links to an article from 2018 called “Harvard and the myth of the interchangeable Asian.”

I tried again using the odious Google and got even fewer results. One of the results was an “interchangeable Asian Groom” figurine to place on a wedding cake. I clicked and it could have been “interchangeable groom” as it looked only vaguely Asian.

Sounds like a term invented by the NYT. Smells like horseshit.

As for how Asians do in the US workplace, would that not depend on what kind of Asians? How do Indian-Americans do vs Japanese-Americans or Chinese Americans or Pakistani Americans etc? Or even Indian Americans named Patel vs other Indian Americans etc?

A majority of hotel/motel rooms in the US are owned by members of the Patel clan.

Ann Althouse said...

@ John Henry

I certainly remember that years ago, it was extremely common to say "They all look alike." At some point, that was recognized as an embarrassing thing to say, and people stopped. Now, it's embarrassing to get people of a different race mixed up *because* it makes you seem like these passé people who thought they were making an okay observation when they said "They all look alike." I think most of us learn to be very careful in assuming you're correctly identifying a person of a different race.

But that still leaves the problem discussed in the article. Maybe people aren't talking about it, but they really are failing to tell some people apart and this failure is harmful to advancement in the workplace as they don't get credit for their accomplishments or get blamed for other people's shortcomings.

Ann Althouse said...

ALP writes:

Tim is onto something with his comment on hair + Caucasians. Years ago, I (white) had a boyfriend (white) that was so 'average' and non-descript looking, he was tough to pick out of a crowd. If he put on a baseball cap - it was impossible to tell him apart in a sea of average white guys. It also explains why my own sister won't recognize me if I knock on her door - wearing a baseball cap.

I have a huge addiction to Korean dramas at the moment (the first step is admitting you have a problem). My partner and I agree that the women in all the shows look homogenous - the men are easier to tell apart.

In closing, my half Japanese partner can't tell Asians apart as well as I can! He spent considerable time in Japan while growing up so had plenty of chance to learn! I chalk this up to his being less visual and more auditory - he simply doesn't seem to hone in on visual details as much as I do. I notice this in all sorts of ways: I notice objects in a room he is oblivious to, I remember what people were wearing, the color of the walls.... he will remember the words spoken.

Ann Althouse said...

That reminds me, I could have a lot of trouble telling my students apart when I saw them other than seated in class. I used a seating chart and got into memorizing them based on where they were spatially in the room. Then if they came up to me after class or in my office, I'd have trouble recognizing them — and their being white did NOT make it easier.

By the way, there's a disability called Prosopagnosia which is an inability to recognize faces. Harshness toward people with trouble recognizing faces will discriminate against the disabled. Oliver Sacks wrote about his own struggle with this problem. I'm going to write a new post on that subject.

Ann Althouse said...

John Henry responds:

"'I certainly remember that years ago, it was extremely common to say "They all look alike." At some point, that was recognized as an embarrassing thing to say, and people stopped. Did you really think that all Asians looked alike?"

I never said I said it or thought it. Obviously, it's hyperbole and intended to be funny.

"I’ve never had trouble distinguishing an Indian from a Sikh from a Japanese. Do you still think all Asians look alike?"

When did you stop beating your wife?

"Or have you met enough of them over the years that you have started to recognize them individually?"

You're barreling down the wrong highway. I never spoke of my own personal experience other than hearing the random chitchat of the years in the past when I was around.

"If you want to say that all Chinese look alike, I could buy that. If you want to say that all Chines/Japanese/Koreans look alike, I could even go along with that. But all Asians?"

I never wrote "all Asians." I wrote "They." It was a common expression. Usually a punchline.

"Re the suggestion about wearing a streak in the hair, tattoo or gold tooth, that is not a bad idea for the workplace, though perhaps a bit more subtle than a facial tattoo is in order."

Obviously, it depends on the workplace. For a conservative place, I recommend a tattoo that is a realistic depiction of a birthmark or large mole.

"Sales people have long recognized that dressing with a bit of an idiosyncrasy makes them stand out. How many non-celebrity spokespeople do you remember? Probably not many. But I’ll bet you remember Lesko because he wore that Jacket with the ? signs all over it. There is a meme about the car salesman dressing in a plaid suit but it works. You go in the first time, kicking the tires. Come back the second time and you will probably have no idea who you talked to the first visit. But you will remember if you talked to a guy in a plaid suit.
When I was selling machinery, I always wore a dress shirt and tie on client visits. Not many others did here in the tropics and even fewer now. I think it helped. I wear my hair cropped really short now and it is pretty grey. But if this was back in the day and I was still doing sales, I might try your idea of a blue streak. If you want to be remembered, be memorable."

I agree with that.

Ann Althouse said...

mikee says "It is worse for Asians in The Office than you suggest" and links here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLNyF1Zw5tg

Ann Althouse said...

Darryl writes:

Prosopagnosia! I confess to being so inundated with our current empowerment of victimology word-play that as soon as I read Ann's comment I decided to memorize the term. Then, should anyone accuse me of "interchangeable Asian" racism or similar I could exploit my faux Prosopagnosia disability and win that bracket of Victim Olympics.

I swim against the tide in hoping that this discourse can mature to a point where everyone understands that at best (at worst) actions like this are a REBUTTABLE presumption of wrong think. Common courtesy -- social due process if you will -- demands that we not immediately convict and cancel them.

Ann Althouse said...

Ted writes:

"When I was in my early 20s, I lived in a building with a lot of other young people. There was another guy there who shared some characteristics with me -- we were both tall white men, with dark hair and blue eyes -- but otherwise, I didn't think we looked very much alike. One day, he said that while he was riding in the elevator, a woman he didn't know had thought he was me, and greeted him by my name. At first, I thought it was funny mistake -- until I realized that the woman was someone I had slept with."

Ann Althouse said...

Christopher writes:

"I’m glad you mentioned facial blindness. While I don’t have full-blown facial blindness, I do have partial facial blindness. Watching a movie or TV show is the worst, and I’m constantly asking my wife to clarify just who the character was I saw on the screen. All the male leads in the LOTR movies look the same to me (except for Orlando Bloom, because he had blond hair in a braid). It took me 10 years of occasional movie watching to be able to distinguish Rock Hudson and Cary Grant. And that’s my problem with other white people, let alone blacks or Asians!"

Ann Althouse said...

Mary writes:

"Ann — When you wrote “Maybe it would be a good idea for those who want to advance in a crowded workplace to adopt some clear visual cue — perhaps something about the hair like a bright-colored streak or something else in the head area — trademark jewelry, a facial tattoo, a gold tooth…”

I immediately thought of someone I follow on Instagram. She’s in the food industry, food stylist, photographer, she’s Korean and really has a very distinctive look with make-up, hair, tattoos. Here’s one https://www.instagram.com/p/CNdcHcih7SV/ and much more posted on her account. You would know who she is from across a crowded room.


That's a fantastic example.

I'm all for the right to look boring or ordinary, but it's really nice if people might get mad about not being recognize actually do something creative and fun to make sure they will be recognized, and I strongly support this kind of personal expression in the workplace (up to a point!).