January 26, 2026

Those wonderful "-id" adjectives.

A few posts down, I used the word "fervid," which I like, and have even blogged about before, and a couple commenters took notice.

I like it, not just for the meaning but visually, the letters. Something about that "-id" ending, which seems a bit unusual for an adjective. And yet, if you go looking, you'll find a lot.

Some of my favorites: fetid, flaccid, florid, gelid, horrid, insipid, intrepid, languid, limpid, livid, lucid, lurid, morbid, pallid, placid, putrid, sordid, stolid, stupid, torrid, trepid, turbid, vivid.

I looked up the "-id" ending in the OED and I got this strange response:
Scarcely a living formative! That sounded odd, but I do get it. It means you can't use it anymore to form an adjective. It's not like, say, "-ful" or "-able." 

And, in fact, "-id" was never a living formative in English. The "-id" adjectives arrived into English with that ending already attached. 

I could make up the word "grokable" or "grokful" — this post raised a grokable question, and it's admittedly grokful (and grokky and grokish) — but I can't foist "grokid" on you. That would be stupid. Because "-id" is not a living formative.

33 comments:

rhhardin said...

Chambermaid

Ann Althouse said...

That's a noun.

Aggie said...

torpid, vapid....

Ficta said...

Rabid. Yes, wonderful words. They all seem to carry an extra oomph to them.

Saint Croix said...

Weird how so many of the -id words are negative and disgusting!

Saint Croix said...

You forgot "rancid."

(Rancid is a great punk band, by the way, very similar to the Clash, at least vocally).

Saint Croix said...

I don't like that word "flaccid" at all. Although, if I went around rock hard all the time, that would really suck.

Maybe flaccid is underrated. So to speak.

bagoh20 said...

When I was young, I'd often look in the mirror and chant "grokid, grokid, grokid".

Saint Croix said...

Ooh, I found a vocabulary page.

I know what you're going to say.

Rapid! Splendid!

Dr Weevil said...

Also acid, acrid, and tepid. All common Latin adjectives with their inflectional endings removed, as you will see if you look up ‘acidus’, ‘acridus’, and so on on Logeion - I’ve typed in the URL four times, but the fucking software has ‘corrected’ it every time, so you’ll have to Bing it.

Saint Croix said...

Are you flaccid, rigid, or hybrid?

Joe Bar said...

Turgid.

Joe Bar said...

Vapid

Saint Croix said...

Did we do squalid?

Also, eek, frigid. I hate frigid! Big fan of torrid.

"We started off torrid and ended up squalid, frigid, and flaccid."

Saint Croix said...

I think we're diving into my Id with these damn -id words.

Lem Vibe Bandit said...

Asked AI for a more tepid sounding list...

Arid
Fluid
Gelid
Humid
Hybrid
Lucid
Rapid
Solid
Stolid
Tepid
Torpid
Valid
Vivid

Enigma said...

@SaintCroix: Can we convert "id" into "idid"?

Dr Weevil said...

‘hybrid’, though Latin, is an exception: it comes from a noun (‘hybrida’) that originally meant a cross between a wild boar and a domesticated swine, and was then used by analogy of other cross-breeds, human and animal.

Lem Vibe Bandit said...

Merriam Webster: "Don't be afraid to use trepid. After all, it has been in the English language for more than 350 years—longer, by 30 years, than its antonym intrepid. Trepid (from Latin trepidus, meaning "alarmed" or "agitated") isn't used as much as intrepid, but it can be a good word at times.

Writer Bill Kaufman, for example, found a use for it in a Newsday article, in which an aquarium volunteer is "asked if she is perhaps a little trepid about swimming with sharks in a 12-foot deep, 120,000 gallon tank." (Her fearless reply: "Not really.") The more intrepid among you might even consider using trepidate for "to tremble with fear" and trepidant, meaning "timid" or "trembling." These are uncommon words, granted, but they haven't breathed their last."

Curious George said...

"Ann Althouse said... Some of my favorites: ...flaccid..."

Poor Meade

Ann Althouse said...

You can like a word without liking what it connotes. Many of the most exciting words refer to something bad.

Lem Vibe Bandit said...

Intrepid Peter carried a sword.

"Peter's sword was not a weapon for personal protection but rather a symbol of his role as one of Jesus' closest disciples. The sword was used during the arrest of Jesus, and Peter's action was a response to the situation, reflecting his understanding of Jesus' mission and the nature of His kingdom. The sword symbolizes the temptation to resort to violence in the face of conflict, as seen in the incident where Peter struck the servant of the high priest. Jesus' rebuke of Peter serves as a profound teaching moment, emphasizing the principle of non-violence and the fulfillment of divine purpose. The sword also highlights the contrast between worldly and divine approaches to power and authority, as well as the call for trust in God's plan and rejection of worldly methods of achieving justice."

tcrosse said...

I kid you not.

Robert Marshall said...

Many of these are things which are bad, like "stupid" or "horrid." How about "gravid," ordinarily considered a good thing, especially in our reproductively-deficient societies.

boatbuilder said...

An idiotic discussion.

boatbuilder said...

That was a joke...

Jupiter said...

rancor, liquor, fervor, rigor, stupor, vapor ...

Immanuel Rant said...

Jupiter at 1:17 is interesting. Rancor/Rancid; Liquor/Liquid; Fervor/Fervid; Rigor/Rigid; Stupor/Stupid; Vapor/Vapid.

I would not have made the connection - thanks!

Lazarus said...

I see your "fervid" and raise you "perfervid."

It's "fervid" but more perferse.

MadTownGuy said...

From the American Heritage Dictionary:

"-id, suff.


1. One belonging to a specified dynastic line: Abbasid.
2.
a. Meteor associated with or appearing to radiate from a specified constellation or comet: Perseid.
b. Member of a class of stars typified by a certain star in a specified constellation: Cepheid.
3. Organism belonging to a specified taxonomic group, often a family having a name ending in -idae according to taxonomic principles or a class or other taxon having a name ending in -idae: cichlid, magnoliid.
[Latin -idēs, from Greek[ιδησ], patronymic suffix. Senses 2 and 3, from New Latin -idae, from plural of Latin -idēs.]"

rhhardin said...

"Chambermaid"

"That's a noun."

Think of it as an -id adjective, meaning chambermaid-like.

R C Belaire said...

"Flaccid" has such ugly connotations. Best to avoid it.

Leora said...

The id ending is useful in Scrabble.

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