"What surgeons continually emphasized—the implanters with pride, the explanters with dismay—was that most of the men they were seeing had been of at least average size..."

"... before going under the knife.... 'Most don’t have anything physically wrong with them at all, so what they don’t need is vultures preying on them, which is almost always a disaster,' Muir, the London urologist, said. ... Muir conducted a literature review called 'Surgical and Nonsurgical Interventions in Normal Men Complaining of Small Penis Size.' The research showed that men dissatisfied with their penises respond well to educational counselling about the average size, which is 3.6 inches long when flaccid, and 5.2 inches erect.... For men who have an excessive and distorted preoccupation with the appearance of their genitals—a form of body dysmorphic disorder—Muir said that cognitive-behavioral therapy and medications may also be necessary. Penuma surgeons told me they use educational videos, intake surveys, and sexual-health therapists to make sure that the men they operate on have realistic expectations and to screen for those with body dysmorphia, though only a handful of the patients I spoke to recalled being referred to a therapist before their surgery...."

From "The Perils and Promises of Penis-Enlargement Surgery/One doctor’s Promethean quest to grow the male member is leaving some men desperate and disfigured" by Ava Kofman (The New Yorker).

Much more at the link, including harrowing details of surgery and its side effects, impressively described — e.g., "Then, in a stage known as 'degloving,' he began to flip the penis inside out through the hole he’d created at its base. Wearing the marbled interior flesh around his fingers, he trimmed the soft tissue and cauterized a series of superficial blood vessels, speckling the interior of the shaft with dark dots. For a few moments, a quivering red sphere popped up like a jellyfish surfacing at sea—an inverted testicle, he explained."