April 12, 2025

"Is there footage of this thing gasping for breath for two minutes before expiring? I need some light comedy before bed."

Says one commenter on "SC cop killer Mikal Mahdi chose upscale final meal before he was executed by firing squad" (NY Post).

And there is this, from Mahdi's lawyer: "Faced with barbaric and inhumane choices, Mikal Mahdi had chosen the lesser of the three evils.... Mikal chose the firing squad instead of being burned and mutilated in the electric chair, or suffering the lingering death on the lethal injection gurney."

Having given you 2 sides of the death penalty issue, I will take the liberty to turn the topic to grammar — the lawyer's grammar. You shouldn't say "the lesser of three evils." It's correct to say "the lesser of 2 evils," but "lesser" is used when there are only 2 things. If there are more than 2, you've got to use "least" — "the least of 3 evils."

That "the lesser of 2 evils" is a very common phrase and "the least/lesser of 3 evils" feels new is evidence of our tendency to see our choices as binary.

For the annals of Things I Asked Grok:
1. True or false: You shouldn't say "the lesser of three evils." It's correct to say "the lesser of 2 evils," but "lesser" is used when there are only 2 things. If there are more than 2, you've got to use "least" — "the least of 3 evils."
 
2. What is the origin and history of the phrase "the lesser of 2 evils"?

3. Tell the story of Bill Clinton discovering "the third way."

4. Summarize the book "The Paradox of Choice."

5. Does ["The Paradox of Choice"] suggest why humans tend to see things in binary terms?

6. Tell the story from the documentary "Fast, Cheap & Out of Control" of the lion tamer explaining why it works to use a chair to tame the lion.

I'll just pass along the quote from the lion tamer, Dave Hoover: "Lions are very single-minded. When you point the four legs of a chair at them, they get confused. They don’t know where to look, and they lose their train of thought."

I love the idea that lions have a "train of thought." 

I return to Grok:

7. Does a lion have a "train of thought"? What is a train of thought? Is that a figurative usage with a more tangible original? What was a "train" before it was a railroad train?

8. What's that Wittgenstein line about the lion's thinking?
Grok asked if I wanted it "to unpack Wittgenstein further or tie it to Hoover’s lion-taming story in more detail," so I came in with question 9:
9. Yeah, tie Wittgenstein to Hoover!

You can read Grok's answers here.

Just as a caboose on this train of thought:  Thomas Hobbes noted the existence of the phrase "train of thoughts" in "Leviathan" (1651): "By Consequence, or train of thoughts, I understand that succession of one thought to another which is called, to distinguish it from discourse in words, mental discourse. When a man thinketh on anything whatsoever, his next thought after is not altogether so casual as it seems to be. Not every thought to every thought succeeds indifferently."

This blog is a train of thoughts! Don't try to tame me with a chair. 

75 comments:

rehajm said...

It’s a deliberate error, like the incorrect use of a/an, mixing the numeric/alphanumeric list categories…or the way Democrats dumb down language when they’re trying to reach flyover voters…

Breezy said...

Sorry not to follow your train, but this guy has some nerve worrying about barbarism inflicted upon him.

“Mahdi was sentenced to death after he confessed to shooting Myers at least eight times and then burning his body in a shed that had been the backdrop of the officer’s wedding just 15 months earlier.

The heinous act unfolded three days after he killed Christopher Boggs, a convenience store clerk in North Carolina. Mahdi shot the clerk twice in the head.”

Also, from the article, it doesn’t appear that he avoided a gruesome death. Sometimes there are no least of three, I guess.

Kate said...

It really bugs me when one sister of two is called "the eldest".

Also, this topic forever requires the quote, "The lesser of two weevils."

Wince said...

Children of a Lesser God?

The title comes from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King: "For why is all around us here / As if some lesser god had made the world".

But, to be binary, does that have to be “the lesser God” rather “some lesser God”? Or even “a lesser God”?

rhhardin said...

"If a lion could talk, we could not understand him."

Wittgenstein's lion was himself, if you've been in the lit crit game any time at all.

rhhardin said...

Vicki Hearne, Animal Happiness, "Wittgenstein's Lion"

but lions do talk all the time. Ask any lion tamer.

john mosby said...

The NYPost article doesn't make it totally clear that the cop was not on duty looking for Mahdi - rather, Mahdi happened to have hidden in the cop's farmhouse, and killed him when the cop returned from a day off. Weird as hell that this fugitive, randomly looking for somewhere to hide, wound up at a cop's house. Kind of like an incident about 10 years ago where a prisoner escaped from court and hid in a house being renovated - which just happened to belong to a US Customs agent, who was killed when he showed up unawares.

The bad guys for some reason always seem to have luck on their side.

JSM

Dave Begley said...

What about that SC lawyer who killed his wife and son? Did he get the death penalty? What method will he choose?

Dave Begley said...

I guess wine wasn’t available. Sweet tea? Gag!

Just hope it was an Omaha Steak.

Dave Begley said...

Alex Murdaugh, a former South Carolina lawyer, was found guilty of murdering his wife Maggie and son Paul in 2023. He was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences.

Unfair! He planned the whole thing for money and then lied. He should’ve been given death.

john mosby said...

Ref the firing squad: as long as you're going to shoot the guy, why pick the heart? Why not a head shot?

I understand why the traditional military method, with standing shooters, goes for the larger, easier target - but even with that method, the commanding officer often followed up with a pistol headshot.

But in a prison death chamber, you can put the rifles in bench vises and zero them in to the head. Maybe even use an adjustable chair to make sure the prisoner is at the exact right level, similar to how the hangmen used to weigh you to calculate the rope length for an instant neck break and death.

Or heck, just use the Chinese method of walking up to the guy with a pistol and putting one right in the back of his head. While appearing brutal, it would be the most humane.

JSM

Christopher B said...

The unstated assumption that most deaths are quiet and comfortable would seem to be refuted by our general agreement those are rare.

Ann Althouse said...

"Ref the firing squad: as long as you're going to shoot the guy, why pick the heart? Why not a head shot?"

He might turn his head slightly at the last instant and then you've only nicked his ear.

john mosby said...

Prof: "He might turn his head slightly at the last instant and then you've only nicked his ear."

Ha! ISWYDT.

JSM

stlcdr said...

Ann Althouse said...
"Ref the firing squad: as long as you're going to shoot the guy, why pick the heart? Why not a head shot?"

He might turn his head slightly at the last instant and then you've only nicked his ear.

4/12/25, 7:02 AM


Daaaym! That was sharp, right there!

mezzrow said...

It's like watching Ohtani play tee ball.

Thanks, Althouse. Lol.

rhhardin said...

Fowler (2nd edition) has a few paragraphs on less and lesser, which apparently used to have a different idiom set that survives in old phrases but now have a different idiom set.

lesser injects a note of dignity still in addition.

mikee said...

If lawyers want a less gruesome death for their convicted, sentenced, murderer clients, I'd suggest execution via a large bolus of injected heroin or a 500 pound steel cube dropped from six feet above the person's head. Blame my childhood exposure to Nixon-era anti-drug messages for the first suggestion, and my adult exposure to industrial safety training films for the second. I'd suggest Althouse never ask Grok about either subject if she's just eaten.

Walter said...

There is an apocryphal tale about a Broadway actor who is still bitter about missing out on a part in Guys and Dolls. He bemoaned his fate and blamed his stalled career on the “evil of two Loessors”.

Iman said...

Dead is dead.

Yancey Ward said...

Althouse wins this thread and the internet for the day at 7:02 AM.

Yancey Ward said...

I see anti-death penalty people are still pretending we don't actually have methods that kill instantly.

Big Mike said...

Does a lion have a "train of thought"?

Of course it does! See it. Attack it. Kill it. Eat it.

Iman said...

A really sweet ending would’ve been placing the crim’s corpse on teh “R” train, amirite?

Dr Weevil said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Dr Weevil said...

The reason firing squads don't shoot at the condemned man's head seems obvious to me: to spare the feelings of observers. Witnesses (official observers and family members of criminal or victim) and members of the firing squad really don't want to see a head exploded by multiple bullets, even if it's the head of a horrible disgusting criminal and they're glad he's dead. (Same goes for dropping a 500-pound cube on him.)

It also spares the feelings of the dead man's loved ones - assuming he has anyone in the world who cares about him. Once his chest is cleaned up and covered up, they can have an open-casket funeral.

RCOCEAN II said...

"This blog is a train of thoughts! Don't try to tame me with a chair. "

ha. Yes, Althouse was born free. Dont cage her in.

Narr said...

The least of three weevils.

RCOCEAN II said...

A bullet to heart is instaneous death. If you really wanted painless death, we'd use the guillontine - we don't use it because of the impact on the executioners and burial party, not the criminal.

All this nonsense about "The pain of the dying man". Look, just give them a bunch of sleeping pills, then execute them, problem solved.

I'd take shooting too. It seems more manly and clean, compared to getting strapped in a chair or strapped on a gurney.

Narr said...

AFAIK the person in history who inflicted the most deadly head-shots was Blokhin, a major in the NKVD. He wore a butcher's apron to protect his uniform from the gore and spatter of Polish officer brains.

Reportedly ate his gun a few years later.

RCOCEAN II said...

You could kill easier by strapping them in a chair, with the gun muzzle up against the the back of their head. Boom. Instant death. But as Dr. W states, they could leave a mess.

Incredible as it may seem the Soviets killed over 4000 polish officers by leading them into rooms - having them stand against a wall, and shooting them in the back of the head. We rarely hear about this atrocity.

JAORE said...

"It's correct to say "the lesser of 2 evils," but "lesser" is used when there are only 2 things. If there are more than 2, you've got to use "least" — "the least of 3 evils."
Thank you for the grammar lesson.
It might keep me from writing the Republicans are the lesser of several million leftist evils.

JAORE said...

re: Death penalty... Put the murderer in an airtight room. Slowly add a gaseous sedative into the room. Maybe even choose to not announce when that will occur or wait until the prisoner falls asleep naturally. Once he/she is well under use some fatal method - they won't feel a thing.

Narr said...

Before railroad trains, armies had trains of supply wagons, animal herds, and in Europe especially, camp followers.

Some camp followers were just prostitutes, called 'field pieces.'

Big Mike said...

A bullet to heart is instaneous [sic] death.

Depends on your definition of “instantaneous.” I have never hunted but I used to shoot competitively with people who do hunt. I was surprised to learn how far a deer can run after a .30 caliber jacketed bullet has destroyed its heart. It takes a number of seconds for the animal to die.

If you really wanted painless death, we'd use the guillontine [sic] - we don't use it because of the impact on the executioners and burial party, not the criminal.

The famous chemist Lavosier was guillotined during the French Revolution. As his final experiment he had a friend position himself next to the device and count the number of times he was able to blink his eyes after his head was separated from his body. IIRC the number was 15.

In our society, once you’ve decided to murder someone you’ve implicitly agreed thst it’s okay to be killed yourself. Like it or not that’s one of the things we implicitly agree to.

n.n said...

Planned Parenthood... Prisonerhood (PP). Why the fake consternation? So queer.

n.n said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
n.n said...

Thou shall not elect to abort, lest thee be aborted thyself. From the annals of ethical entreaties, a selective religion of Anthropogenic Intelligence (AI).

Biotrekker said...

Regarding lesser vs least: Grammar is dying, if not dead. You can't have something "between" three people (it should be "among", but we see that written all the time. Also: Comprise and compose are not interchangeable. "Comprised of" is incorrect. The 50 states comprise the USA, and the USA is composed of the 50 states.

Lazarus said...

However much Mikal Mahdi might have liked to up his score by shooting a grammar policewoman, it doesn't matter much to him anymore.

In some "faith communities," "elder" has a special meaning, so it might be odd if you referred to your 6-year-old daughter as the elder.

Dr Weevil said...

Is it true that "the Soviets killed over 4000 polish officers" (RCOCEAN II, 9:54am)? Yes, but it was a lot more than that. I read long that they took 14,000 Polish officers away, divided them into three groups, and none were ever seen again. The corpses of 4,500 were found at a mass grave in the Katyn Forest by the Nazis, but I didn't think the others were ever found.

Checking Wikipedia under 'Katyn massacre', I find that there were 22,000 victims: 8,000 officers, 6,000 policemen, and 8,000 civilian intellectuals, and it looks like some of the other gravesites are known. Anyway, "4,000" is a gross minimization of the totals.

IamDevo said...

I do not share the consternation being expressed over the manner of execution. While I agree that it should not be administered in such a fashion as to intentionally increase the pain of passing, I am not inclined to agonize over any brief period of suffering by the criminal. Capital punishment is by nature not something that ought to be imposed in a cavalier fashion or on a mere whim, but only after lengthy judicial inquiry and proof beyond reasonable doubt of all elements, including the premeditative nature of the crime, but hand wringing about whether the recipient of the punishment suffered for a fleeting moment seems inappropriate to me. The only way for a person to find him (or very rarely and nearly never now) herself being executed is to have inflicted gruesome pain and wanton suffering on the victim(s). Punishment should, after all, fit the crime, as they say.

Dr Weevil said...

Probably more than half of non-criminal civilians will die more painfully and far more slowly than this piece of shit died. Those who die of cancer, obviously, but there are lots of other very painful ways to die, without the criminal justice system being involved in any way. In fact, gentle painless deaths are relatively quite rare, aren't they?

Yancey Ward said...

Big Mike, the Lavosier Blinking Eyes story is apocryphal.

Aggie said...

"In our society, once you’ve decided to murder someone you’ve implicitly agreed that it’s okay to be killed yourself...."

I read just a few of the comments over there, and came pretty quickly to the usual 'death penalty is NOT a deterrent' canard. It's just stupidly put, in the same way, always - of course it's a deterrent. That guy ain't gonna ever kill again, now is he?

I read that he gasped for about 2 minutes after being shot, and it reinforces the notion that they really ought to use at least a half-dozen people on the squad, just to make sure it's quick and complete.

tcrosse said...

Which prospect is worse: a speedy death or a life in prison with no hope of parole?

Wa St Blogger said...

Yesterday I went in for a minor procedure. I was given a chemical concoction and about 1 minute later I knew mothing until I woke up in the recovery room. To me the time gap was zero.

If capital punishment is gruesome, it's because anti-CP people make it so by preventing such chemicals from being used for that purpose. If I had died on the table, I would have had zero pain or suffering.

tcrosse said...

And yet fentanyl is readily available.

Paul said...

Most people will have some pain when they die... So why not this SOB?

RCOCEAN II said...

I used the 4000 in connection with being shot in the back of the head. IRC, and inform me if I'm wrong, of the 22,000 that were murdered by Stalin and the communists, not all were shot and killed and buried in the Kaytn forest. I know AT LEAST 4000 were killed in the manner stipulated, how many more killed in this way, i dunno.

But thanks being a typical internet commenter. Someone may have got something wrong - gotta go correct him. Even if he really didn't really get it wrong.

RCOCEAN II said...

BTW, the reason Trump used to mispell words is he knew the MSM and others couldn't resist "ACKSHUALLY, its spelt blah blah" - thereby giving his message more play.

I've noticed the same thing on Althouse on other sites. If really want a response to something you've said, put in some error or a wrong number or date. Immediately, some one will swoop in to play "Gotcha". And correct you. Usually, these same people, will have nothing else to say. Its a fascinating angle on human behavior.

Jupiter said...

"In fact, gentle painless deaths are relatively quite rare, aren't they?"
Yes. A surprisingly large number of Americans die by having their limbs torn off with forceps.

Dr Weevil said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Dr Weevil said...

I politely point out that RCOCEAN II is even more right than he thought, and he accuses me of playing "Gotcha". I think being a bit of a pedant and caring for historical truth is far less of a moral defect than being a whining asshole like RCOCEAN II. The Wikipedia article which I named specifically said that many of those killed inside buildings were shot in the back of the head, not just the ones killed in the Katyn Forest. And I specifically said that not all were killed and buried in the Katyn Forest, that they were only a fraction of those murdered. Duh! That was my entire point.

Narr said...

Forget it, Dr. Weevil. It's RCOCEANII, one of the least informed and informative commenters here. (Unless you want to know what RCOCEANII is sick of today, it's better to skip his.)

I posted a few hours ago about pre-railroad trains, saw it publish, and then it vanished. "Trains" were the supply and gear wagons, herds of animals, and camp followers of armies.

Some of the camp followers were field pieces.

William said...

The divorced first wife of Frank Loesser, the composer, used to complain about his second wife. She said that that woman was the evil of two Loessers........I read this book about Renaissance Florence. Prisoners en route to their execution used to be tortured with hot pincers while en route. Their journey and their execution were a public event. It was a festive event. This was the Renaissance of DaVinci and Michelangelo. There's not much to recommend the human race, but we have our moments.

Big Mike said...

@Yancey Ward, is it? Where did you get that?

cubanbob said...

No one is guaranteed a painless death. As long as the method of execution isn't gratuitously painful, I don't understand this obsession with absolutely pain free executions. As for the deterrence argument, if taken to its logical conclusion, prisons would be abolished since it doesn't deter crime.

Joe Bar said...

If we REALLY wanted painless executions, why don't we use carbon monoxide? The criminal would just go to sleep.
I guess we really want them to suffer, just a little bit.

Narr said...

William mentions the public cruelty and humiliation of miscreants in Renaissance Florence, but even centuries later the Brits put on public hangings that drew crowds.

Some of the condemned had the benefit of family or friends who could pay for street urchins to clutch and pull on their dangling legs and hasten the end.

n.n said...

This thing? The boy or the felon?

RCOCEAN II said...

I politely point out that RCOCEAN II is even more right than he thought, and he accuses me of playing "Gotcha".

You weren't "polite" at all my friend. You accused me of minimizing Soviet actrocities.

Josephbleau said...

“That "the lesser of 2 evils" is a very common phrase and "the least/lesser of 3 evils" feels new is evidence of our tendency to see our choices as binary.“

Similar to Asimov’s claim about the number of inhabited planets, in choices no number makes sense between 1 and infinity, there can be only 1 or an infinite number, nothing inbetween makes sense, would there happen to be only seven naturally habitated planets? No. Choices are either binary, yes no, or are from a sample space of infinite size.

Josephbleau said...

In a Polish election long ago a poster was printed “ Vote for Cuthuhlu, why choose the lesser of two evils?”

But if you always say least of multiple choices you will be right. The least of two is same same with lesser of two.

Christopher B said...

Unless Lavosier had specified a number of blinks before hand I think it's unlikely that would have proven continued brain function. I participated in beheading enough chickens and other fowl as a kid to observe that the nervous system can keep firing in odd ways after the brain and body part ways.

Christopher B said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Tina Trent said...

Kill them the way they killed thier victims.

The shock of it will be the best crime deterrent we've ever had.

Tina Trent said...

They imprison people in Britain for merely objecting to the rape, torture, pimping and even murder of schoolgirls. And we sit here whining about last meals?

What about the last meals oftheir victims, Althouse?

Tina Trent said...

This isn't about grammar.

Dr Weevil said...

And RCOCEAN II lies again (7:07pm). I wrote (10:42am) "Yes, but it was a lot more than that." If I'd meant that I thought he was "minimizing Soviet actrocities", I would have said so, though I would have spelled "atrocities" right.

I even wrote that I myself had had the number wrong for many years, and way too low - 14,000 instead of 22,000 - but had sense enough to check Wikipedia before posting. So I was "minimizing" them too, but entirely unintentionally, as I assumed RCOCEAN II had done. I even wrote (1:00pm) that he was "even more right than he thought", which is a compliment, not an insult. I was supplementing his 9:54am comment, but that's not good enough for the stupid lying asshole, who tries to imply (12:16am) that he intentionally misstated the number, as Trump often does, to attract responses. Hahahaha!

Bunkypotatohead said...

Anyone who has sat with a pet as it's being euthanized knows it can be done humanely and without pain. If that's the goal, which I don't think it needs to be.

Deep State Reformer said...

@bunky potato Head 4/12/25, 9:35 p.m.
No, not once human rights lawyers and judges get involved. The CCP is correct. A double-tap to the back of the head from a pistol at close range is the most "humane" solution. As von Clausewitz said about Total War (i.e., just get it over with) the best solution and the most humane is to simply kill the miscreant quickly and be done with it.
.

mikee said...

RCOcean II falsely claims to have been criticized for minimizing Soviet atrocities. In other comment threads I have very openly criticized RCOean II for overstating Gazan civilian deaths and making false claims of purposeful genocide on the part of Israelis. On average, I guess RCOcean II is hitting it just about right. Or he is wrong all the time, in detail. The readers of his comments may choose.

Post a Comment

Please use the comments forum to respond to the post. Don't fight with each other. Be substantive... or interesting... or funny. Comments should go up immediately... unless you're commenting on a post older than 2 days. Then you have to wait for us to moderate you through. It's also possible to get shunted into spam by the machine. We try to keep an eye on that and release the miscaught good stuff. We do delete some comments, but not for viewpoint... for bad faith.