९ नोव्हेंबर, २०२२

"'Twitter gamifies communication,' the philosopher C. Thi Nguyen has argued; it’s custom-built to do things like score apologies, to drag users into a rating system..."

"... that has nothing to do with morality. An unforgiving god rules Twitter, where the modern economy of apology runs something like this: If you express what I believe to be a toxic or ignorant opinion, you must apologize according to my rules for apology. If you do, I may forgive you. If you don’t, I will punish you, and damn you unto eternity.... ... Twitter’s pious mercilessness is generating nothing so much as a new and bitter remorselessness.... Twitter is blowing its top, some very angry people very loudly demanding apologies while other very angry people demand the denunciation of the people who are demanding apologies. Dangerously, but predictably, the split seems to have become partisan, as if to apologize were progressive, to forget conservative. The fracture widens and hardens—fanatic, schismatic, idiotic. But another way of thinking about what a culture of forced, performed remorse has wrought is not, or not only, that it has elevated wrath and loathing but that it has demeaned sorrow, grief, and consolation. No apology can cover that crime, nor mend that loss."

Writes Jill Lepore, in "The Case Against the Twitter Apology/Our twenty-first-century culture of performed remorse has become a sorry spectacle" (The New Yorker).

There's much more at the link, including a lot of detail on the history of apologies. 

The split has become partisan, Lepore writes, and "The fracture widens and hardens." This is that concept of "calcification" that we were just talking about yesterday.

Lepore assigns the demanding of apologies to the left, and calls it "fanatic, schismatic, idiotic," though I don't think she wanted to say it's only the people on the left who are fanatic, schismatic, idiotic. The implication I'm detecting is that she thinks the left are foolish and will be unsuccessful if they demand and give apologies when the people of the right are simply "forgetting." She says "forgetting," but she's "forgetting" the word "forgiving." Elsewhere she says:

In “Forgiveness: An Alternative Account,” Matthew Ichihashi Potts, a professor of Christian morals at Harvard Divinity School, offers what he calls “a modest theological defense of forgiveness.” His argument follows that of the philosopher Martha Nussbaum, who, in “Anger and Forgiveness” (2016), argued that forgiveness isn’t salutary for either party if, in order to give it, you insist on an apology. Potts calls this “the economy of apology.” It’s not better than vengeance, since to demand an apology and to delight in the offender’s grovelling is vengeance by another name....

Forgiveness, for Potts, is not an exchange—forgiveness granted in return for the opportunity to witness a spectacle of abasement and self-loathing—but a promise not to retaliate. Demanding an apology in exchange for forgiveness can never constitute healing, or deliver justice; it is, instead, a pleasure taken by people who delight in witnessing the suffering of those in their power (if only briefly). There is no such thing as a failed apology, then, only an abuse of power, because all forgiveness, Potts writes, “begins and ends in failure”: it does not, and cannot, redeem or undo pain and loss; it can only demand the necessary attention to pain and loss, as a reckoning, as an act of grief. Forgiveness is, therefore, a species of mourning, a form of sorrow.

४६ टिप्पण्या:

Lurker21 म्हणाले...

Twitter was the new "JournoList." Instead of conspiring behind the scenes through email, mediacrats had only to follow each other's tweets and absorb the party line from them.

rhhardin म्हणाले...

Forgiveness has its mind on a wider goal.

Enigma म्हणाले...

The Internet never forgets. I learned this a very long time ago upon first using Usenet. The advice then was:

"Never post anything online that you wouldn't mind having your spouse, children, grandmother, boss, or grandchildren read."

A hard drive is forever. A memory card is forever. The web eliminated ordinary loose conversations -- where people can comfortably 'let it go' and reverse or modify their positions a few days later.

So, we now have these tortured, inhuman, machine-rules moral standards. Next, fold in narcissists who thrive on Hearts and Thumbs Up votes, and trolls/psychopaths who thrive on manipulation and torturing small animals. Welcome to eternal junior high school. Wait for the Luddites to attempt to destroy the machines. Wait for the New Amish to withdraw and live in the old ways.

mccullough म्हणाले...

The James Wood apology: blow me.

Saint Croix म्हणाले...

beautiful, Althouse, thank you

tim maguire म्हणाले...

Lepore's summary seems pretty sound, though I paused the same place you did over forgiveness. Also, the division she is positing is only partly between left and right. I think the bigger division under her formulation is between partisans and non-ideologues. The partisans are calcified, unreachable and more interested in finding the gotcha moments than in actually having a thoughtful conversation. The non-ideologues are the ones more likely to "forget", to roll their eyes and move on.

I'm less impressed by Potts. The apology just means forgiveness will not be free. At a minimum, it has to be purchased by a show of remorse. God doesn't make forgiveness free, why should anybody else?

Jaq म्हणाले...

"I'm just a soul whose intentions are good,
Oh Lord, please don't let me be understood"

Christopher B म्हणाले...

It's not an apology, it's a struggle session.

Lurker21 म्हणाले...

Progressivism is less about apologizing and forgiving and more about banning and censoring.

Apologies aren't accepted and apologizing is endless and pointless.

Original Mike म्हणाले...

"A strange game. The only winning move is not to play."

Saint Croix म्हणाले...

Facebook does something similar

It rewards some posts (ones the software likes) and punishes other posts (ones the software doesn't like).

Of course you can tweak the software.

Even if Zuck was worthy of trust (and he is not, my Facebook feed was shut down in 2016, and started up again two weeks after Trump was elected)

Facebook is a morality dumpster fire because it rewards popularity and punishes hard truth. So it's kind of like a high school cafeteria.

The internet itself is amazing, but also corrupting and bad. We're losing real communications with human beings (face to face communications) and replacing it with messages like we are talking to ourselves.

Althouse blog is sometimes like that for me (oops).

Far, far, far better to get out of the house and converse with real people. That's when we're all nicer, and you notice how nice the kids are.

Liberals are nice to kids! Very nice. Very protective.

Unless you are a baby, or an old person, in which case liberals are ready to knife you in the dark. So conservative teachers are necessary to teach the young that the world is not a happy place. It might feel like fun and games, but there is a lot of evil out there, too.

Saint Croix म्हणाले...

Tim you got to link to that!

amazing voice, I love the Animals.

Eleanor म्हणाले...

"Never apologize, mister. It's a sign of weakness."

J L Oliver म्हणाले...

True forgiveness is a learning moment for the offended and the offender. It can offer a moment of ultimate truth if both take the effort to absorb it. With calcification, the meaning of this moment is not absorbed but is shed uselessly to the ground.

Earnest Prole म्हणाले...

Twitter was the new "JournoList." Instead of conspiring behind the scenes through email, mediacrats had only to follow each other's tweets and absorb the party line from them.

It’s far worse than that. When journalists forgo the party line (for example, when NBC committed an act of journalism and reported what every person would later see with their own eyes, that John Fetterman lacked basic cognitive abilities), they are put on an ice floe and pushed out to sea.

tommyesq म्हणाले...

Funny how all of this Twitter introspection didn't take place until Musk took over...

typingtalker म्हणाले...

Twitter is the ultimate "free speech" vehicle -- Speak if you want, or not. Listen if you want, or not. And for the moment, the financial cost is zero.

Sort of like that crazy person standing on the corner spouting "the truth." Engage or walk away.

Jupiter म्हणाले...

"No apology can cover that crime, nor mend that loss."

Show us on the doll, Jill.

The Vault Dweller म्हणाले...

I'm not anti-apology, but in many of the instances of when I believe I've witnessed genuine forgiveness and reconciliation between two people, it starts with the offending party, going to the other party and saying something like, "Listen, I'm sorry about..." only to be cut of by the other party interjecting something like, "Hey, that fine's you don't need to say anything." Maybe the real power of an apology is in accepting the intent of the party offering the apology but not requiring the performance of the gesture.

Narr म्हणाले...

I heard this from a Christian and historian: Forgiveness means giving up the search for a better past.

I'm not sure what to say about the apologies issue.

Sorry.

Lucien म्हणाले...

The demand for apologizing, etc. only matters to those who don’t reject progressivism and wokeness.
I have nothing but schadenfreude for those who find the left mob cruel, but refuse to see that the whole program is rotten, and the parts they criticize are inextricably intertwined with the parts they want to hold onto.

WWPaulKleeDo म्हणाले...

Forgiveness begins with introspection: an honest painful self analysis of your role in causing harm, pain, actual wrongness in a relationship. It requires staying in that state of awareness, and revisiting your role. Once you can claim that, purified out personal excuses and deflections to spin off culpability away from yourself, you can approach the one(s) you harmed, or God. This must be followed by a sincere claim and effort to not continue the wrong. Perfect future actions are not guaranteed.

The recipient has important work and roles also.

“Move On” is facile, meaningless.

Earnest Prole म्हणाले...

Despite being under new management, Twitter is still hell.

iowantwo म्हणाले...

An apology, must come with a promise. A promise to stop the behavior.

If your 17 year old comes home after curfew, they would apologize, admitting the behavior. But without the stated goal to cease the behavior, the apology is nothing.

On the other side, forgiveness is for the forgiver. They have no power, so should not set up any expectations, for who ever they are forgiving. Often a person will forgive a criminal for hurting are killing a loved on. Until the can truly forgive, they will not find any peace.

But now can these experts weave their philosophy into President Trump's rule, to never apologize.

(I cant see how any of this basic Christian teaching means anything online.)

Carol म्हणाले...

I hate the whole apology game. When all else fails, they snivel the "and he never apologized!" Loser think tbh.

But I still find Twitter fun, esp on election night or during debates. I don't care about feuds among the various grifters camped out there.

Sebastian म्हणाले...

"to demand an apology and to delight in the offender’s grovelling is vengeance by another name"

Yes. But like all rulers, progs in power prefer vengeance, the better to maintain their power. In the culture war, demanding apologies, like anything else, is just another prog tool.

And of course, apart from the occasional black sheep (Weinstein) or sacrificial lamb (Franken), progs themselves have nothing to apologize for. Even where it wouldn't cost them much--we apologize for the imprudent lockdowns! we apologize for seeing hallmarks of disinformation in Hunter's laptop!--they won't give an inch.

n.n म्हणाले...

apology (n.)

early 15c., "defense, justification," from Late Latin apologia, from Greek apologia "a speech in defense," from apologeisthai "to speak in one's defense," from apologos "an account, story," from apo "away from, off" (see apo-) + logos "speech" (see Logos).

It's a cookbook.

n.n म्हणाले...

Twitter and other social platforms are a model of the Fourth Estate for the masses, authoritarian tapping, and JournoLism.

Owen म्हणाले...

Very rich topic; Lepore’s essay sounds worth reading. I think the act of forgiveness is both difficult and important for both parties. Part of the importance and difficulty is that it is both releasing the offending party from a reprehensible state (of having hurt the forgiver; put the world out of joint) and binding the offended party to a promise that will continue. If you forgive, you can’t later rescind it. Every single day you have to live up to your promise: which is to yourself as much as (more than?) it is to the party whom you forgive.

That’s a tall order and requires reflection, honesty and commitment.

Tim Maguire @ 8:56: “… The partisans are calcified, unreachable and more interested in finding the gotcha moments than in actually having a thoughtful conversation. The non-ideologues are the ones more likely to "forget", to roll their eyes and move on...”. Agree. I don’t think it’s left/right so much as an appetite to self-aggrandize by taking offense and demanding that the offender be humiliated —not only humiliated by the criticism of others, but self-humiliated by apologizing, loud and long, the more groveling the better. So in a way this game helps us: we learn who is a vindictive thread-wrecking jackass and how we should NOT behave.

PM म्हणाले...

The Like button is the heroin of the web, the uncle of Twitter and the source of anxiety, bad blood and lousy metaphors.

Kay म्हणाले...

Really interesting article.

Levi Starks म्हणाले...

There’s a surprising number of people who have lives of their own to live and really don’t care.

Howard म्हणाले...

Noise amplification about a noise amplifier. "They" only succeed if you play the game. It's only works if you volunteer. It's not some evil plot, it the emergent properties of a deterministic system with millions of random human foible inputs. No one is in charge.

baghdadbob म्हणाले...

When defendants are found guilty, they are often asked to express remorse, with the understanding that a lighter sentence may result.

The defendant who insists on innocence post-conviction and refuses to repent is often treated more harshly, even though maintaining innocence is the correct position for the wrongly convicted.

Not unlike a Maoist "Struggle Session" conundrum.

GrapeApe म्हणाले...

I will apologize if I realize I am wrong. I will not apologize if you are offended for whatever reason. That’s on you.

Lem Vibe Bandit म्हणाले...

Excellent piece. I'm forwarding it to my sister, our fam's theologian.

Drago म्हणाले...

I rate this blog post a 4.

madAsHell म्हणाले...

The partisans are calcified

Hell, I thought Hillary was taking styling tips from Gollum.

Quaestor म्हणाले...

Elon Musk has already exposed several anti-First Amendment skeletons in Twitter's closet. So now we're admonished to forgive and forget (mostly forget) without the expectation of a mea culpa. Yeah, apologies are over-rated, especially for sins committed against deplorables. So what if Darrell Brooks murders six people, including a child, grievously harms sixty more, and expresses no remorse. They were just middle-class white folks. Who cares? And, besides, apologies and remorse are the expectations of white supremacists -- the browner the axe-murderer the more abject the atonement, yes?

I'll bet money Jill Lapore still demands an apology from Donald Trump for snatching the White House from Hillary's entitled paws. Go ahead, name your odds.

CWJ म्हणाले...

The New Yorker treats me to a BGO and expects me to believe that they only now noticed this.

tommyesq wrote -

"Funny how all of this Twitter introspection didn't take place until Musk took over..."

Yeah, variations on that happen a lot, but only every time.

robother म्हणाले...

50 some years ago I read a brief meditation on the Sermon on the Mount by Hannah Arendt. She focussed particularly on the "forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us."

Apart from any philosophical or spiritual meaning, she observed that the teaching establishes an essential condition to humans living together in a common polis. We come to the public square with individual minds and thus inevitably "trespass" in word and deed against other individuals. Mutual forgiveness of such trespasses is the only forward in a free community. As I recall she distinguished "trespasses" from existential threats, suggesting a limiting principle. (Whatever the spiritual significance of martyrdom, it has no place in the secular life of the polis.)

charis म्हणाले...

This made me think of Michael Richards, who did such brilliant work on Seinfeld. Then one night he got drunk and said a bad word. He tried to apologize but it was met with scorn and pious mercilessness. And he was done.

Saint Croix म्हणाले...

good article

apologies are for your own soul

and for God

not for the other person

you are humbling yourself before God

not the other person

what makes Woke Twitter and Evil Feminists so like Mr. Trump

is they are obsessed with power and want to humble others before them.

like that fucking Conan line some men like to quote

that pagan fucker

or that Godfather quote about how powerful people are awesome

no, janitors are awesome

be happy and humble before the Lord, every apology is a blessing for your soul, but you owe other people nothing

you are free of all debts

that is the way

wildswan म्हणाले...

I watched the movie "1945" a couple of nights ago. Three months after the end of World War II, two Jews come walking behind a wagon through a tiny Hungarian village. The village fears they are coming to reclaim in some way the goods stolen from the Jews of the village after the Jews were rounded-up in 1944 and sent to death camps. What should the villagers do do? What did they do back then? Who's to blame for what? And next? This movie which came out in 2017 is like Bad Day at Blackrock, if Ingmar Bergman had made it. As Marlow said in Heart of Darkness "it wasn't clear but it seemed to shed a kind of light." It wasn't clear to me as I watched, fascinated, why this situation resonated, why it would be about our time, how it would be about being in 2022 waiting for the mid-term elections but I felt it did resonate. And here, two days later, someone else is trying to talk about social wrongdoing other than racism coming back and walking through our towns, so to speak. And she's also being turbid and opaque in her struggle for expression.

rhhardin म्हणाले...

There's something called felix culpa.

Pardon in its immediate sense is connected with the moral phenomenon of fault. The paradox of pardon lies in its retroaction; from the point of view of common time it represents an inversion of the natural order of things, the reversibility of time. It involves several aspects. Pardon refers to the instant elapsed; it permits the subject who had committed himself in a past instant to be as though that instant had not past on, to be a though he had not committed himself. Active in a stronger sense than forgetting, which does not concern the reality of the event forgotten, pardon acts upon the past, somehow repeats the event, purifying it. But in addition, forgetting nullifies the relations with the past, whereas pardon conserves the past pardoned in the purified present. The pardoned being is not the innocent being. The difference does not justify placing innocence above pardon; it permits the discerning in pardon of a surplus of happiness, the strange happiness of reconciliation, the felix culpa, given in an everyday experience which no longer astonishes us.

Levinas, Totality and Infinity p.283

Saint Croix म्हणाले...

In the Episcopal church, when we say the Lord's prayer, it is "Forgive us our trespasses."

But in my Bible it says, "Forgive us our debts."

One is crimes, the other is money.

Interesting, right?

Anyway, "you owe me" is a dangerous attitude to have. Jesus warns us about that.

In the USA, we created bankruptcy courts where our debts could be forgiven, and people could start over. Europe said we were insane and that will never work.

Still working! Although those nice liberals won't let your education debts be forgiven.

Some lessons last forever, apparently.

The 13th Amendment includes "involuntary servitude" because white people who couldn't pay back their debts became wage slaves. Not as brutal as slavery but it's a similar concept.