December 18, 2022

Recently, I threw some books in the trash... well, the recycling bin... but you know what I mean: I threw books out.

I wanted to tell you to help you. I'm prompted by "We’re drowning in old books. But getting rid of them is heartbreaking. 'They’re more like friends than objects,’ one passionate bookseller says. What are we to do with our flooded shelves?" by Karen Heller (WaPo).

Book lovers are known to practice semi-hoardish and anthropomorphic tendencies. They keep too many books for too long despite dust, dirt, mold, cracked spines, torn dust jackets, warped pages, coffee stains and the daunting reality that most will never be reread. Age rarely enriches a book.

“Nobody likes to throw a book away. Nobody likes to see it go into a bin,” says Michael Powell of Powell’s Books in Portland, Ore. Owners never want to see their hardback babies pulped. Bibliocide seems particularly painful in this fraught era of banned books. Hence, the sprouting of Little Free Libraries everywhere, and donations to public ones for resale, which enable staff to purchase new books.

Yes, there are Little Free Libraries all over my neighborhood here in Madison, and I considered taking my doomed books out, one by one, and tucking them away in other people's little front-yard book cabinets, but they didn't belong there. They would crowd up the space inappropriately. I'd be using someone else's amenity to relieve myself of a guilt that I shouldn't even feel. What were these books? Out-of-date law school casebooks, books that served purposes that are now much better served by websites, books that had been sent to me but were never of any interest, books that were some author's calling card and never really meant to be read at all.

“We don’t want them to die. I love them. They’re a part of me,” says author and Georgetown linguistics professor Deborah Tannen, 77....

That's true of some books, but not others, unless you're much better than I am about choking off unworthy books at the entry point. I've found that the more books I can kick out of my house, the better concentration of good books I have. I have taken piles of books to the used book store and sold them for whatever they decided to offer me, but some books really ought to go straight into the trash. It's like when you clean your closet. You have the clothes you keep, the clothes you're going to take to Goodwill (or give to someone you know), and the clothes that belong in the trash (or rag bag). You shouldn't — out of misplaced guilt — add the throw-out clothes to the Goodwill bag. That's doing more work to impose more work on them. Be rational, and throw them out.

I avoid creating new trash, but pretending the trash you have is not trash is not helping. I used to buy stacks of books and have them all over my house. Now, I mostly only buy ebooks. And I've worked on ousting many of the physical books from the house. For a long time, that meant taking old books to the used book store, but I had a strong barrier against throwing books out.

But just last month I crossed that barrier. I was tired of looking at one particular pile of books that I'd wanted to be rid of for years, and I knew it would be stupidly inefficient to push them onto someone else to involve them in what I didn't want to have to see as destruction. I took responsibility for putting them in the trash, and I'm proud of it and I'm talking about it for the sake of efficiency, de-cluttering, and relief from the false sense of obligation to preserve books. I'm saying this for your sake: Some books should be preserved, but don't preserve objects simply because they are books.

With the exception of rare and antiquarian collectors, few owners know the monetary value of their holdings. Invariably, they overvalue them. That well-thumbed encyclopedia? Worthless. Textbooks? Updated umpteen times, probably shifted to digital. “Very expensive books are a big nothingburger,” book scout and estate buyer Larry Bardecki says, especially coffee-table doorstops. Best-selling hardcovers from 10 years, 50 years or a century ago? Possible literal pulp fiction.

“Everyone who wants one already has it,” says Bardecki, who makes as many as three house calls daily, often for Wonder Book. “I’m looking for books that not everyone has.” Authors prized by one generation are not necessarily valued by the next. “Everyone had a volume of Tennyson in the 1870s,” Roberts says. “Nobody reads Zane Grey.” Don’t get him started on Dan Brown’s 2003 “The Da Vinci Code.”...

“David Foster Wallace was immensely popular and prices spiked for a while. We couldn’t keep copies in the store,” says Zachary Greene, also a manager at Second Story Books. “Over the past few years, demand has really tanked.”

116 comments:

rhhardin said...

My copy of The Claim of Reason (Stanley Cavell) has disintegrated into a pile of pages but is being saved owing to many pages of scribbled end notes serving as a personalized index

Enigma said...

@Althouse wrote: Yes, there are Little Free Libraries all over my neighborhood here in Madison, and I considered taking my doomed books out, one by one, and tucking them away in other people's little front-yard book cabinets, but they didn't belong there. They would crowd up the space inappropriately. I'd be using someone else's amenity to relieve myself of a guilt that I shouldn't even feel. What were these books?

Burst someone's bubble by putting left-wing books in a right-wing neighborhood and vice versa. It'll either open someone's mind or result in a call to the police.

Maynard said...

I made two major moves in the past 12 years and "lost" a lot of books that I cherished.

In a few cases I sold them and in most cases I donated them to the public library. However, my ex-wife wanted to keep a ton of my books (that she had never read) because they looked good in the bookcases.

Why anyone would choose not to recycle by donation or sale is beyond me.

Temujin said...

I give them to libraries.

typingtalker said...

My father's rule was, "If you're not going to look at in the next 12 months, throw it away." 12 months apparently stretched into 12 years or longer. I sent them off to the landfill ... as will our kids with ours.

Ex-PFC Wintergreen said...

I chunked well over two hundred books about a year ago, and have only purchased one or two physical books since - and those are books that either don’t exist in ebook fashion, and/or just don’t work as ebooks due to extravagant photos. Now if I can get my spouse to do the same…

Original Mike said...

"Textbooks? Updated umpteen times, probably shifted to digital."

I have an extensive collection of textbooks that I am actively adding to; physics, math, cosmology and geology. They are priceless to me. I refer to them constantly. It's great having a library of my interests in my own home. And for this purpose, e-books do not cut it.

I also have a lot of other books I rarely reference. I cull them as I need more space for physics, math, … They go in the trash without too much remorse.

I friend recently downsized his collection. He hated to throw them out so I came to his rescue. I tossed some, others I kept. One was my primary reading this summer. A real find, it helped me understand a topic on which I have always been suspicious of the consensus explanation; entropy and the arrow of time. That lead to other books on the topic, some I already owned. Did I mention it's great having a library of my interests in my own home?

JAORE said...

"... this fraught era of banned books."


What a cheap throw-away line.

Yeah for those books featuring adult themes placed before juveniles and only "banned" from grade school libraries/classrooms. Oh and JK Rowlings books because of TERF??? But I'll bet that JKR isn't what she meant. Any other banned books we know of?


But yeah, I have periodically had moments of dismay at pitching books. I laugh at remembered concern when I tossed a differential equations book unopened some 20 years after graduation.

RideSpaceMountain said...

Fundamentally there is no difference between the recycling bin and the trash bin for 98% of Americans now, and hasn't been for about 5-6 years. Most of your recycling is sent to the landfill, and only the wealthiest communities can afford to actually ensure chain-of-custody for recyclables to actually make sure they are truly recycled.

Reshoring industrial capacity from China And elsewhere may make it economical to recycle again, but this will take a decade. In the meantime recycling is 98% feel good inc.

Ann Althouse said...

"I give them to libraries."

Just indiscriminately?

Here's an article begging people to refrain from donating certain books to libraries, notably old textbooks and old guides and how-to books (and anything damaged).

Gracelea said...

I took a paperback out of our local little free library that had a copyright date of 1967, some sci-fi short story compilation. It was so brttle it literally fell apart in my hands as I turned the pages. Had no compunction about trashing it.

Mike of Snoqualmie said...

We packed up all of our books about 3-1/2 years ago. About 100 boxes small/copy-paper boxes. They stayed in a storage unit for all that time and now fill up about 1/2 of my shop area. We have 5 tall bookcases plus about 4 smaller bookcases. We'll be having a great downsizing as these boxes are unpacked. I've already designated about a 1/2 box of fiction books for assignment (baseball term - When a team decides a player is no longer useful, the player is "designated for assignment." He's trade bait.)

I buy all my fiction books in Kindle format. History books are bought in hardcopy format as the pictures and maps don't do well on the Kindle.

Mikey NTH said...

A few years ago I culled a lot of books. Some went to the trash, more to the township library's used book store. Tastes changed and my library has changed.

Ann Althouse said...

"Burst someone's bubble by putting left-wing books in a right-wing neighborhood and vice versa."

These are book cabinets people put in their own yard. It's jackassery to put books in there in the spirit of conflict. I would never do that. Especially some outdated political book, and I do have stuff like that because people send me books in the hope that I'll promote them. I don't.

Mikey NTH said...

Text books are examples of the type that goes to the dumpster. No one wants those.

rehajm said...

The guy at Powell’s told me that, too. I just have too many of them, he says…then he told me some new expensive tome I was gifted was a textbook. For what class and where I wondered…

tim maguire said...

I used to be like that—gave books some kind of sacred status. Never folded a page, never wrote in them. I could read a book and then return it as new if I were inclined to give it up, which I wasn’t. But reality has forced me to pair back. Nowadays, I buy as few books as possible, preferring the library unless it’s a book I expect to read more than once or think I might pull quotes from it.

As for the old books, the ones I won’t realistically pull off the shelf except to dust and put back, I’ve donated to school book sales, sold to used book stores, and sometimes they get put on the sidewalk, where I give fate between now and the next rainfall to find it a new home. If it’s still out there when the rain comes, then it goes in the bin.

Douglas2 said...

In one area of research that I was working on I found that almost all bibliographies contained a long out-of-print book by one of the fields pioneers, obscure enough that it wouldn't be expensive if I could find one, but could I find one?

I did, from Better-World Books, and to my delight it had a dedication in pen in the front from the author to one of my heroes in the field -- it had made its way from his library through sale/donation to mine.
The pioneer, as he was writing for people who knew nothing, was much clearer in describing things than anyone's been since, and this helped me a lot.

So when I need to clear books, I've tried to find the most convenient place that's A) going to know to market the stuff to those who will want it and B) know how to get it found by them, and C) know how to deal effectively and efficiently with the dross.

For clearing my parents' midwest house, the obvious answer was the chain "Half Price Books" which is active there. They make it easy to sell them books.

And from my investigations;
• those books that are sale-able for reading and reference get sold,
• the remainder that "look good on a shelf" get sold to decorators as "books by the foot",
• They operate outlet stores so even what's left after that get pored over by readers to maybe sell.
• and they've invested in machinery to make de-binding and pulping as efficient as possible to that very little goes to landfill.

Ann Althouse said...

Here's something else about dropping books off at the library:

"Book donations are often more costly to the library than you think. The library needs to accept and store donations. If they add them to a collection that also involves processing it to add to the online catalog plus adding labels, barcode, etc. If book ordering and processing is centralized that’s one more barrier to discourage adding donated books to a collection.Most donations are gross: Even if your books are pristine, most aren’t. A lot of people are very precious about books and use donating to libraries as a way to get rid of books they don’t want to throw out. Meaning libraries get out-of-date, beat-up materials they can’t use.... A healthy and functional library system routinely weeds for condition, low circulation, and other issues.... Wherever you donate, especially if you plan on donating in bulk: ASK FIRST. There might be specific requirements for donations and specific times in which donations are accepted....
Donated Books Should Be: Pristine: no tears, no writing or highlighting, no mold/foxing, dust jackets if applicable, no ex-library copies. If you wouldn’t buy it at a book sale, don’t donate it. Recent: If you are donating non-fiction it should have been published within the last five years. Older than that runs the risk of spreading out of date information. No textbooks: These are usually too specialized for public libraries and even for academic libraries are probably out of date. No encyclopedias: They’re out of date. Don’t do it. No periodicals: Do not bring your old magazines to the library. After you read them their next step in life should be the recycling bin."

Ann Althouse said...

No encyclopedias?

Am I supposed to throw away the Encyclopedia Britannica I bought a quarter century ago? The "Great Books" collection and the history book collection that came along with it?

Ann Althouse said...

foxing?

Michael K said...

I buy all my fiction books in Kindle format. History books are bought in hardcopy format as the pictures and maps don't do well on the Kindle.

Me too. I have given books to libraries when I moved twice a few years ago. I have since bought copies of several of them I missed.

Ann Althouse said...

"Foxing is an age-related process of deterioration that causes spots and browning on old paper documents such as books, postage stamps, old paper money and certificates. The name may derive from the fox-like reddish-brown color of the stains,[1] or the rust chemical ferric oxide which may be involved. Paper so affected is said to be "foxed". Foxing is rarely found in incunabula, or books printed before 1501. Decrease in rag fibre quality may be a culprit; as demand for paper rose in later centuries, papermakers used less water and spent less time cleansing the rag fibres used to make paper."

Wikipedia

Mike of Snoqualmie said...

When I retired I donated all my aerodynamic references to the group. I had no need for Modern Control Theory or the flying qualities/stability and control references. Those still working needed them more than me.

Original Mike said...

Another benefit of a growing library; I learned how to make bookshelves. The woodworking was easy, but there's a lot to learn to do a good finishing (e.g. staining varnishing) job. Thinking of tackling a bookcase headboard for the bed next.

Quaestor said...

My collection of Kindles, EPUBs, and Audibles is growing geometrically -- much faster than I can read and/or listen.

But they look unimpressive as a backdrop for my noggin in a Zoom meeting.

Leon said...

Books are a type of magic. You read them and see the story in your head. Other people lives and emotions leap off the page and linger in our psyche.

For this reason even poor books that share the mere form factor have a outsized hold in our sentimentalities.

Quaestor said...

"Foxing is rarely found in incunabula, or books printed before 1501."

Lord Peter Whimsey's other waste of time and cash.

Quaestor said...

Wikipedia now greets me with a rude banner proclaiming that Wikipedia is not for sale.

Poor acquisitive Elon, the Soros foundation has already bought it.

gilbar said...

before my folks moved out of their house, my mom had (among other countless books), SEVERAL old, worn out, dirty, Betty Crocker cook books. I told her she could Easily toss those..
Oh NO! she said! THOSE are Worth... A LOT OF MONEY

so, i had her (have my brother inlaw) look. It TURNS OUT, that She was RIGHT!!!
IF you considered $14.99 a LOT
AND, you pretended, that hers were 1st Editions, AND in Great Condition (unlike, the piles of sh*t they were)
To be fair. She DID sell a couple of them at her garage sale.. I think she got $1, for BOTH

Paper books are worth More as fireplace fuel than they are as books.
I now throw books away when i'm done reading them
On the other hand.. I STILL have my sister's paperback Lord of the Rings books, from the 1960's
On the other other hand.. They've got 40 years worth of MY margin notes written in them

Dave Begley said...

The Antiquarian was a used bookstore in Omaha’s Old Market. He moved to Brownville into some big buildings. I haven’t been there, but it’s a big operation. He’d buy books by the pound. Cheap.

MadTownGuy said...

Gracelea said...

"I took a paperback out of our local little free library that had a copyright date of 1967, some sci-fi short story compilation. It was so brttle it literally fell apart in my hands as I turned the pages. Had no compunction about trashing it."

I had a few of those, years ago, courtesy of a used book store near where I grew up in Southern California. Had to toss them years ago but I wish I still had the Wyman Guin "Living Way Out" anthology.

gilbar said...

as JAORE said...

If an article has The Gall, to put in a line like this:
"... this fraught era of banned books."

HOW could you believe One word in it?

William said...

I sometimes like to read outdated political books. It is instructive and edifying to read Murray Kempton with his elegant style extolling the virtues of Henry Wallace.....There are some books I like to read every ten or twenty years. The books don't change but your reactions to them do. There are certain books that remain in the permanent library. It would be like throwing away a happy memory....There are a couple of used bookstores in my neighborhood. I enjoy browsing in them. Serendipity. You never know when you'll encounter an old friend like Eric Ambler or John O'Hara....In some ways, books are obsolete. I'm reading Stephen Kotkin's book, "Stalin, Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941". The book is 1154 pages and weighs a couple of pounds. No way you can read it anywhere but at home. The kindle version is far more portable. Pl

MadTownGuy said...

Ann Althouse said...

["I give them to libraries."]

"Just indiscriminately?

Here's an article begging people to refrain from donating certain books to libraries, notably old textbooks and old guides and how-to books (and anything damaged).
"

A couple of years ago we saw a Dumpster in front of a northern WI city library full to the gills with old books. Almost did some diving but we didn't have room for any. It made me sad, even though I knew they were making room for books more likely to be used by patrons.

etbass said...

Good advice, Althouse. I have followed those concepts, generally.

Impressed with the number of people here who have significant libraries. I have some offspring who simply do not read; others who are avaricious readers as am I. I have transitioned to ebooks as a convenience despite thinking the ebooks have many disadvantages.

Kate said...

For years now I've only had a handful of books. My most precious (to me) is my Middle English college textbook with Chaucer and other poems from that era. Sentimentality plus love of the content.

That wikipedia banner is some anti-Musk crap, @Quaestor? I use the site every week, and I'm sympathetic to their request, but then they pull some leftist bullshit and I'm glad I've never given them a dime.

Art in LA said...

What am I supposed to do with all of my old CDs? Most are ripped onto my Apple Music library now. But I think copyright law requires me to keep the CDs? What say you, Professor?

loudogblog said...

I have hundreds of books. The majority of them are science fiction and plays. But I do have some books that need to be disposed of, but I've been too lazy to do it. There's a tax book from 1989, a book about building your own PC from 1986, an outdated handbook to stage rigging by Jay Glerum (there are better, newer versions of that book that actually contradict the first printing because Jay Gleurm is big enough to admit that he was wrong, and Jay is a really nice guy.), a 1990 guide to using modems, ect, ect.

Some books are obsolete.
Some books have been superseded by better versions.
Some books are damaged beyond repair. (But I have repaired a few books in my day.)
Some books contain no useful information.
Some books just suck.

A lot of people say that you should get rid of some books if there are digital versions or the information is available online. But how do we know that the digital books aren't ephemeral? There was a story a few years ago about Amazon recalling Kindle books. People paid for them, but Amazon still deleted them from their Kindles. (Ironically, one of them was 1984.) Also, I've noticed that many Kindle books are filled with OCR scanning errors that never get fixed. Or what if the information just disappears from the internet at some point in the future. (That's why I still hold onto my set of IC Masters. They hold all the tech specs of every integrated circuit made before 1990.)

I say you should keep the books that you think that you'll re-read in the future or have important information that you might need to have. Also, keep the books that you want to pass on to your children.

If they're totally useless or too damaged, throw them out.

If they're very old, there might be a market for them. (I'm a little skeptical about this. I currently have a very nice Roman coin from the era of the Emperor Constantine - 306 AD to 337 AD. It's in beautiful shape and I bought it on EBAY for about $15. The coin is over 1700 years old and it's only worth $15 today. You would think that it would be worth more, but we all remember the POG craze. The collectable market is very fickle and unpredictable.)

Then donate the other books to Goodwill or some other charity group. Goodwill is especially good at selling used books to willing buyers. I probably buy 5 or 6 used books from Goodwill every year. Then whatever the charities can't sell, they'll send off to be recycled. (And you got a little tax break.)



who-knew said...

I was gazing at my bookshelves one day about 15 years ago and they were stuffed full of books that I was going to read again 'someday'. SO I started a project and every 3rd or 5th book I read comes off the shelf. That has allowed me to cull a lot of books because I found on the reread that it wasn't worth the effort. I still have hundreds, partly because I have some of that reverence for books and partly because I like how full bookcases look. But I have a rule that nothing goes on the bookshelf that I haven't actually read. So my 'to be read' pile on the floor is threatening to topple over and kill somebody. Plus the unread books on my kindle are in the hundreds. At my age, I may actually have enough books to literally last my lifetime. And still I can't stay out of a good used book store.

Michelle Dulak Thomson said...

I am in the process of setting up a Little Free Library of my own here. I have set aside a couple dozen books of various sorts. Some mysteries (Ngaio Marsh, Edmund Crispin), Saki's short stories, Chesterton's The Flying Inn, a big anthology of C. S. Lewis, Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, some Wodehouse, Dante's Vita Nuova, a book I spent hours and hours poring over in my teens called Dangerous Sea Creatures, the complete (minus Sherlock Holmes) short stories of Arthur Conan Doyle, Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, Nevin and Pournelle's Lucifer's Hammer,, Madhur Jaffrey's Quick and Easy Indian Cooking,, Stephenson's Cryptonomicon, Posner's Law and Literature, a couple of volumes of Florence King, David Dalton's Playing the Viola, Rod Dreher's Live Not By Lies . . .

The idea was to set up a library containing things that I want, rather than things I want to get rid of. We'll see how that goes when/if anyone actually deigns to look at it. We're in a cul-de-sac, so traffic might be slender. But I'll be very interested in what goes and what stays. Many of these books I've in fact bought a second time, just for this project.

IOW, I am thinking "what if I were a librarian, and had only this tiny space to fill?"

As to "foxing," Ann, I know a bit about that, b/c I collect antiquarian musical editions among other things. It's common in 18th c. prints, but gets more extreme and damaging in the 19th c. and onward, where the quality of paper goes all to hell. French editions of the later 19th c. are the worst, b/c they are not only foxed but seriously brittle. OTOH, one of my most prized possessions is a Janet & Cotelle (copy of Imbault, who had it first) complete Haydn quartets from ca. 1811. It's the only edition I've ever seen that literally has no page turns within any movement in any part. Of course, it accomplishes this feat by having densely packed pages about 11" x 17" and weighing several pounds per part. But something's gotta give somewhere.

loudogblog said...

Quaestor said...
Wikipedia now greets me with a rude banner proclaiming that Wikipedia is not for sale.

I saw that too and it hit me as weird.

mikee said...

I threw out a set of 7 tatty paperback books, a series, because I'd read them four times over the years and they just took up space in my bookshelf. Within a year I'd bought them all again because I read another series by the same author, and realized I'd like to read the old favorites again sometime in the future. Halfway through them right now, as a matter of fact. Reading them from #7 to #1 this time, and catching a whole lot of book to book details I've missed before.

Throwing out books is hard.

Howard said...

I took about 150# of books to Goodwill this past week. I thanked each one as I gently laid each one into the bin. The workers looked at me like I was crazy as a loon, but I persevered knowing that somehow somewhere Marie Kondo was smiling down upon my earnest good works.

tommyesq said...

How many ttimes has that yreasured gem in the Little Library been read on the can prior to your borrowing it?

SteveWe said...

Thank you, Ann for this interesting post. I have no eBooks. eBooks are not books; they are an approximation of books; like a CD of a live concert is an approximation of being there, live.

Foxing is "rust colored spots which occur on paper resulting from oxidation of both organic and iron impurities left behind during the paper making process. Only when these impurities exist in the paper, given exposure to the right humidity and temperature factors, will foxing occur. This process is intrinsic to the paper; some paper will never have the rusty, brown, yellow spots known as foxing." https://www.abaa.org/glossary/entry/foxing

The larger problem is sulphite paper.This problem occurs when paper has a high acid content due to its manufacture. As sulphite paper ages it yellows and become brittle -- often to the extent that pages disconnect to the book's spine and sometimes disintegrate into pieces. Such books are definitely trash.

Otherwise, donate books in decent condition and are of general interest to your local library. Nearly all libraries have periodic book sales or daily book stores that provide funds to purchase new and relevant books for their stacks.

Original Mike said...

" I currently have a very nice Roman coin from the era of the Emperor Constantine - 306 AD to 337 AD. It's in beautiful shape and I bought it on EBAY for about $15. The coin is over 1700 years old and it's only worth $15 today. You would think that it would be worth more"

Probably means there are a lot of them available. I learned that on Pawn Stars.

Ex-PFC Wintergreen said...

Mike of Snoqualmie said...When I retired I donated all my aerodynamic references to the group. I had no need for Modern Control Theory or the flying qualities/stability and control references.

For airplanes, nobody really needs Modern Control Theory; give me a copy of McRuer, Ashkenas, and Graham (aka the Green Book) and I can do anything…

effinayright said...

Gracelea said:
I had a few of those, years ago, courtesy of a used book store near where I grew up in Southern California. Had to toss them years ago but I wish I still had the Wyman Guin "Living Way Out" anthology.
*****************

You can get a copy at abebooks.com for three bucks.

Michael said...

Ran out of book case space years ago and went digital. Kindle is a godsend to those who travel a lot and are no longer obliged to lug heavy hard bounds. Kindle, however, took my book buying obsession to another level. Hundreds now relaxing in my library waiting a turn that might not come. Unless I get in the mood. Because they are virtually free I download a lot of books to Audible. I head being read to but there you go.

Michael said...

Ran out of book case space years ago and went digital. Kindle is a godsend to those who travel a lot and are no longer obliged to lug heavy hard bounds. Kindle, however, took my book buying obsession to another level. Hundreds now relaxing in my library waiting a turn that might not come. Unless I get in the mood. Because they are virtually free I download a lot of books to Audible. I head being read to but there you go.

Meade said...

You will own no books—not even books authored by Klaus Schwab, Abbie Hoffman or Karl Marx—and you will be happy.

rcocean said...

"If you are donating non-fiction it should have been published within the last five years. Older than that runs the risk of spreading out of date information."

I hope this doesn't apply to history and biography, because that would be INSANE. There's been a massive drop in quality in history books and biography for events prior to 1950.

Myself, I've decided (pushed by my wife) that if I get any new books, one of the old ones will have to go. As she reminded me, I'm not getting any younger, and the chances I'll re-read most of my books is getting smaller and smaller.

As for tossing books out. I go to book sales, and I know people simply won't buy certain kinds of books. Not even for 25 cents! I've pretty much got rid of those kind of books already but I do have some political and bio books about recent politics. I read them for curiosity. Now, I'll probably just toss them. Nobody wants to read about Reagan or Clinton or Obmama anymore. I'm seeing piles and piles of old "I hate Trump" books at the books sales too.

Rusty said...

I usually cull my shelves every year or so. There are histories that I keep until something better comes along and I almost never keep novels except for first editions. I inherited my brothers, " Rocket Manual for Amateurs" because it has his hand written notations and it's worth $500.00. I give books away to friends or give them to GoodWill or the Salvation Army. Just remember. When you're gone your kids are just going to throw them away anyway.

Original Mike said...

Blogger Mike of Snoqualmie said..."When I retired I donated all my aerodynamic references to the group. I had no need for Modern Control Theory or the flying qualities/stability and control references. Those still working needed them more than me."

Giving up my professional library was hard. Emotionally hard, but procedurally easy. I just left it in my office for the next occupant.

rcocean said...

Kindle is interesting. I think there's a way to translate them to PDF so you can truly own them, but I haven't found it.

Old DVDs are hard to sell too. Especially, if they're popular movies like the "The Dark Knight" or "saving private Ryan". I just got 60s Becket, 1990s Henry V for $2 at the local Library sale. TV DVDs for "24" were going for $5 a season. Imagine that. Of course, I had zero interest in buying it, and nobody else did either.

HoodlumDoodlum said...

Too good for Pppier-mâché? Tsk tsk.

Narr said...

Most modern books are printed on wood-pulp paper, which is going to disintegrate anyway over time. Books meant to last will have rag paper and sturdy bindings--in other words, the things you got from the book club or bargain house have virtually no resale value.
(Simple test: take an old book; randomly fold (dog-ear) a page corner; fold it the other way; flatten (if it's still attached) and tug gently. If it comes off, it's only going to fall apart with more handling.)

I retain, and even add to, my library. Books and CDs, usually bought for a buck or two at estate sales within a few miles' drive. That said, I really should get rid of most of the several hundred works of fiction and college and grad-school readings (not the textbooks) that clutter our less-used bookshelves.

Academic/research libraries should try to retain as much in the way of 'outdated' and 'obsolete' encyclopedias, etc. as they can. I recall being able to provide some medical researchers with the Tsarist Encyclopedia's (c. 1908?) entry for Smallpox because we had kept all the major foreign encyclopedia sets. Every good encyclopedia set is a time machine, and almost a how-to, in ways that most books aren't

I would never give up my own 11th ed. Britannica Handy Volume Set. Rag paper almost thin enough to see through, but it will be around when later works have vanished. A testament from a lost world in its from and its content.

n.n said...

Carbon... Go Green: abort, cannibalize, sequester.

Assistant Village Idiot said...

I grew up with the idea that a book was a holy object, which has a long tradition in Western Civ but has long not been true. My wife was a librarian - the book kind, and I was a literature major and we just kept collecting books as talismans. That ceased for me years ago and has diminished even for my wife.

They are junk. We have falsely imbued them with sacredness.

Damn kids these days can't even shoe a horse.

n.n said...

Wikipedia now greets me with a rude banner proclaiming that Wikipedia is not for sale.

For sale with the greatest leverage.

JRoberts said...

If you think it's challenging to discard excess books you've purchased over the years, imagine how difficult it is to discard excess books you've authored.

For years I served as inventory manager for a non-profit (in more ways than one) publisher. Part of our mandate was to serve as a "vanity publisher" for members of our organization. Leadership set weak policies regarding print quantities and our authors were notorious for asking us to print too many copies of their titles. Excess stock would sit for years collecting dust and running up storage costs while their authors kept hoping their work would "find an audience".

When we were finally able to remove the aging stock from inventory, there was always hope we'd be able to "donate" the remaining stock. I'd instruct the warehouse team to donate the stock (sometimes multiple pallets) to the dumpster. Sometimes the authors would beg us to ship the excess stock to their homes for storage in their garage. It was almost a pathology.

JRoberts said...

If you think it's challenging to discard excess books you've purchased over the years, imagine how difficult it is to discard excess books you've authored.

For years I served as inventory manager for a non-profit (in more ways than one) publisher. Part of our mandate was to serve as a "vanity publisher" for members of our organization. Leadership set weak policies regarding print quantities and our authors were notorious for asking us to print too many copies of their titles. Excess stock would sit for years collecting dust and running up storage costs while their authors kept hoping their work would "find an audience".

When we were finally able to remove the aging stock from inventory, there was always hope we'd be able to "donate" the remaining stock. I'd instruct the warehouse team to donate the stock (sometimes multiple pallets) to the dumpster. Sometimes the authors would beg us to ship the excess stock to their homes for storage in their garage. It was almost a pathology.

Nice said...

From an interior design standpoint, books (and plants) add warmth and charm to a room. When you walk into someone's home and you immediately see books, whether those books are neatly shelved, or even artfully strewn about (it's all about the array) ... someone's personal effects---when it includes a substantial amount of books--and I mean book-books, what does it signify? I think it sends some sort of subliminal message about the occupant, and it signals--what? I think lots of books gives a kind of old-world mood to a room. If you don't have the space, then I could see discarding. But, I don't always like the minimalist, spare look, particularly at this time of year. Maybe I'm thinking of a simpler time when your identity was expressed by how large, and what type, your book collection was. Vinyl records are still in vogue, correct? Coming over to see a friend's record collection---I think people still do that. Maybe not. Now, identity is established by what you post on social media. The idea that someone was wealthy enough to cultivate an extensive home library of rare, and offbeat, books. Again, book-books, not kindle or e-book gadgets.

I have a friend who does binding and restoration of old books, including the most obsolete and junky books. I can't see a reason to throw them out.

Joe Bar said...

Some information is just not available online, or in digital format. I have many reference books of obscure information on aviation history, and motorcycle design and competition. When I die, they shall all go in the trash bin. Well, they made me happy. Today I visited a man who was "selling" his vast collection of RC airplanes and equipment. I met his wife, and she had a hopeful face. She was expecting that I would remove a lot of his expansive collection. I left with two small boxes. You see, he did not want to part with his airplanes. Not really, anyway. They give him joy in his old age.

Oh Yea said...

When I was an undergraduate in the late ‘70s, the university library had a sale at the end of the year of books being replaced, usually for some nominal price of $.25 to $.50. My housemates bought the biggest, thickest volumes no matter the subject. They brought them back and shot them in living room. We all had guns in the university house. Shotguns and .22s that were used for hunting and target shooting. We never thought it was anything unusual.

T J Sawyer said...

Books are like kittens and puppies. You can't keep them all, but you want them to go to a good home, not destroy them.

Judging from the comments and personal experience, book recycling appears to go like this:
Someone gives them to the library. Possibly from cleaning out "dad's house."
The library sells them at their outlet store.
Entrepreneur buys them and offers on eBay or Amazon.
I buy them and hold them in trust until the "estate sale."

Without this beautiful cycle, how could I have recently acquired "Approximations for Digital Computers" from 1955 by "the great approximator," Cecil Hastings, jr?

sestamibi said...

OK, now what do I do with my baby boomer record collection?

sestamibi said...

OK, now what do I do with my baby boomer record collection?

Maynard said...

Donated Books Should Be: Pristine: no tears, no writing or highlighting, no mold/foxing, dust jackets if applicable, no ex-library copies. If you wouldn’t buy it at a book sale, don’t donate it. Recent: If you are donating non-fiction it should have been published within the last five years.

That seems pretty fussy.

Based on the emails I get from the Pima County (AZ) Library, they will suspend those rules if the book has something to do with LGBTQ+ and POCs. The librarians seem to be obsessed with those topics, or think we are.

Jay Quenel said...

Broke my heart when I had to throw out a complete set of Encyclopedia Britannica 1888.
Found in a old church manse uninsulated attic. No one would take them. Some pages so brown and brittle they turned to dust as you opened the book. Almost cried when I did the deed. But some of what I did read, just possession would get me life in the woke gulag.

ALP said...

My partner and I packed up and moved earlier this year - thus went through a recent book purge. They went to Goodwill. When talking books, I different rules for fiction and nonfiction. The former is out of the house once finished and given to Goodwill or a friend that may like it. No buildup of fiction books in our house.

Nonfiction is different. I have a decent collection of horticulture/landscaping books along with a growing collection of cookbooks. I do obtain many recipes from YouTube or blogs, but increasingly look for ways to get away from a computer screen and cookbooks serve that purpose very well.

Lucien said...

We don’t live in a time “fraught” with book banning. You can get whatever published books you want. But “Woke” publishing standards do tend to deprive us of books by authors writing “outside of their lane” as determined by sensitivity consultants. Potentially great works about gay, crippled, midgets written by straight Olympic athletes are strangled in their cribs.

On the other hand, the specific dystopia of “Fahrenheit 451” seems ludicrous given our ability to obtain e-books, or even thumb drives.

Lurker21 said...

So you do a "storage offset." You write a fat check to the library, and in return they take the books that are worthless but that you can't bring yourself to put in the garbage or recycling bin.

Come to think of it, I'm skeptical of the storage idea. The library may throw out a lot of books out as soon as they look at them. So there's time and cartage, but your fat offset check will cover that.

My books are where I've been, what I've been interested in, and who I am, little victories and trophies that give me a feeling of (unjustified) accomplishment, even though I don't read them and many of them are very fragile by now.

I suppose it's irrational to build an identity out of possessions that one doesn't make use of, but if you feel that way (and you don't see any other way to get the same sense of identity and accomplishment) it's hard to change.

It's also inherited. After months (years) of cleaning out my parents' house, I'm resistant to culling my own stuff.

God of the Sea People said...

Probably 95% of the books I read, I read on my Kindle. Political books, books about current events, pop psychology, or whatever else are really more like dated periodicals than anything. Digital is better for that kind of thing. It is always available, but it isn't a "thing" that you have to make space for and eventually dispose of. If it is a book that I really treasure and want to own a physical copy, I try to buy a nice hardback copy of it. But even books that I own nice copies of, I am more likely to read on my Kindle out of convenience.



Biff said...

Ann Althouse said..."Am I supposed to throw away the Encyclopedia Britannica I bought a quarter century ago? The 'Great Books' collection and the history book collection that came along with it?"

I have three complete editions of Britannica: one from 1910, one from the thirties, and one from the late fifties. All were picked up for next to nothing at garage sales. It's fascinating to compare articles on the same subject across time.

rhhardin said...

I have and entire bookcase of Coleridge (Princeton Bollingen Series, acquired as the volumes came out, until the price got too high to contemplate for the marginal reward). Mostly he's a philosopher and essayist, not a poet; but he can write.

selfanalyst said...

I've been responsible for disposing of four estates and two hoarding situations. Target practice is good, but a backyard firepit inventory is better. I always imagine the knowledge drifting into the night air is going where it's needed.

selfanalyst said...

I've been responsible for disposing of four estates and two hoarding situations. Target practice is good, but a backyard firepit inventory is better. I always imagine the knowledge drifting into the night air is going where it's needed.

mongo said...

A couple of you mentioned donating the books to your local library. Where I live, they will only accept books they already have, because it is too much work to catalog them.

Leora said...

I have a fair collection of old encyclopedias. I turn to the 1911 with updates through 1922 when I want to know anything about things that happened before World War I without modern templates forced over the material. I have a mid-60's Americana I use for topics through World War II. I have a few from the 19th century that could be useful if society collapses - they include a lot of information on how to do things without electricity and the ability to drive 50 miles in under an hour.

Last time I moved I dumped all the stuff that was available on Amazon which left a lot of fiction from the 20's to the 80's and a lot of biography and history. I probably need to go through again and get rid of the stuff that's become available in the last decade. I was already inured to dumping old books about taxes and accounting but my husband won't part with a programming manual or tech book. They go with his vast collection of old computers and technical devices.

As someone who browses the shelves at junk and thrift stores, I advocate for donating the books that aren't falling apart to Goodwill even if they seem obsolete or niche.

Kathy said...

Many homeschool families want a huge array of books: literature, history, philosophy, and more. These families would love to be able to buy the books they need from your discards, so do consider donating to a place like Goodwill that will sell them online.

Lawnerd said...

Every Steven King book that I ever read should have gone straight to the landfill.

rhhardin said...

My father had (as a hobby) a complete collection of the Journal of the American Mathematical Association in the attic from the 1930s onward, that it turned out nobody wanted, libraries or not.

I have a complete collection of the Rutgers quarterly Raritan that will suffer the same fate.

Achilles said...




That means they sold out.

Eva Marie said...

Thank you for a very timely post. Spent the day tossing lots of books into the recycling bin. No treasures in my book collection.

Danno said...

Meade said...You will own no books—not even books authored by Klaus Schwab, Abbie Hoffman or Karl Marx—and you will be happy.

Meade, have you considered a book burning?

lostingotham said...

We've made two major moves in the past 20 years. There were 86 cases of books in the first, well over 200 in the second. I built a library to hold them in our last home and am contemplating doing it again in our latest (hopefully last). I have no other possessions I would be more unwilling to part with.

When I'm dead, my books will remain. Probably never again to be read, but at least they will have a home.

Original Mike said...

"From an interior design standpoint, books (and plants) add warmth and charm to a room."

Yes, I don't see the need to discard books just to create empty space.

Mason G said...

"My father had (as a hobby) a complete collection of the Journal of the American Mathematical Association in the attic from the 1930s onward, that it turned out nobody wanted, libraries or not."

To be fair, it does take space for libraries to house that sort of thing- the kind of space that can be better used for LGBTQ+ grooming books for kids. Not to mention- math is racist.

Narr said...

Most large public and academic libraries don't accept gift books. They set up a Friends of the Library-type organization and make donors sign the stuff over to that 'independent' body, which can then do whatever it wants-- without committing the librarians to anything.

I talked many times on the phone, and often visited with, potential donors of valuable books and book collections. I would say that the percentage of times it was worthwhile was maybe 15-20. Too many things that might have been worth having had spent too long in attics, basements, or garages, to mention only condition.

Our regional historical society publishes a collection of articles and reviews every year.
When we had 600-700 members and subscribers we printed 1000 or more copies; now that we're
dying out (about 350 members/subscribers) we only get about 400. Even though we got rid of many unopened boxes in the last few years, we still have way too many, squatting in an old part of the university's old library building. (Sometimes in my den or office.)




rcocean said...

I had a chance 10 years ago, to pick up the 1911 Britannica at an extremely cheap price but passed. The thought of all those volumes taking up massive amounts of shelf space.

Now, I wish had bought them. The quality of the writing is incredible.

Nancy said...

Wow, Ann! This really hit a nerve with your readers

I was glad to see Howard cite Marie Kondo. If a book doesn't spark joy it needs to be disposed of one way or another.

effinayright said...

mongo said...
A couple of you mentioned donating the books to your local library. Where I live, they will only accept books they already have, because it is too much work to catalog them.
*************

Here in New England, many libraries accept book donations for annual sales open to the public.

Those that don't sell are pulped. But at least many find new homes.

wildswan said...

I had the electricity go down in a storm a few summers ago and lost access to Kindle. I could read what was downloaded the day the power went out if I could get Kindle charged but I couldn't download because the phone charge was too precious to expend on hot spotting. The problem didn't last but I was emotionally scarred and so now have a category - physical books to keep to read if Kindle disappears. Otherwise I'm throwing out books, too. Every book I think I won't read again is going out. Evidently I'm sure I'll read mysteries again, CS Lewis, Tolkien, Gilson and Maritain, Churchill. But lefty historians, anthropologists - out. Social science - out. Almost any book on the "Indians" is amazingly out of date and that's not just being woke. The discoveries of genetics have really completely altered how we think about the tribal past. Who lived where and when they came - it's all different.

ken in tx said...

My wife and I got rid of several thousand books when we down-sized and moved. I stacked our Britannicas beside the county recycle bin hoping someone would want them. We still have one small wall of books in our in-law suite. BTW, we met through a correspondence club called 'Single Book lovers, pre-internet, been married 37 years.

hawkeyedjb said...

Not books but magazines - I had a mostly complete collection of National Geographic going back about 100 years. In our previous house, I had a custom bookcase built for them. When we moved, I was wondering what to do with them as there isn't room in the new house. A fellow who made an offer on the old house stipulated that he wanted the Nat Geo collection to convey with the house. We didn't accept his offer but I did give him the entire collection. His young daughter was enthralled.

My collection ended in the 2010s when National Geographic morphed into Climate Change Monthly.

Mason G said...

"Yes, I don't see the need to discard books just to create empty space."

I agree. However, when you're packing your stuff up in boxes in order to load it all on a truck and haul it a thousand miles across the country, creating empty space starts to look better and better.

traditionalguy said...

Digital is the answer. Shelving and boxing real paper books is insanity today. Except of course as decorative walls. Moving and downsizing several times is a harsh teacher.

Maybe Elon will be able to implant the library inside our skulls soon. Then we can donate our heads to libraries at death like we donate our organs to doctors. Brave new world indeed.

Ampersand said...

One of your best posts ever.
BTW, I have been reading The Psychology of Totalitarianism and recommend it to all.
Available on Kindle.

Nice said...

It's that "well-read" look. You want to impress visitors and neighbors. Kindle and e-books just don't have that same wow-factor. When they walk in and see all the built-in shelving and the statue book-ends, the Thinker etc.

Reminds me of the Katie Couric/Sarah Palin interview, where she asks Palin what she's been reading. Can you imagine if Palin had said, "Oh well, I just threw out a whole stash of books". There would be howling.

walter said...

Althouse decided to close topics tonight...

lonejustice said...

I am a terrible book hoarder. I recently was cleaning out my attic and found a box of old law school texts from the '80s. In the box were some paperback tax codes for a course I took in federal income taxation. Who on earth would save a federal income tax code book from the '80s??

Christopher said...

What am I supposed to do with all of my old CDs? Most are ripped onto my Apple Music library now. But I think copyright law requires me to keep the CDs?

If Art in LA happens to check back--copyright law does not require you to keep CDs. You can donate them and sell them. I've bought hard to find CDs off eBay.

My 700 or so CDs are also ripped, in my case into a digital audio player (Bluesound Vault 2i), but even in my little two-bedroom apartment that I've lived in for 30 years, they don't take up so much space that I would dispense with them. Digital bits are very fragile. CDs also decay apparently, but even my oldest ones, going back to the 80s, play fine.
n
As for books, I have a decent amount and thankfully grew up in a house where books were highly valued. For sure most of what's in there will end up in a landfill when I pass, but I've read well over 90% of them--so few of them are reproaching me--and they remind me of some wonderful past days. Kindle for most new books, the last ten years, but hard cover for anything that Amazon may feel is dangerous knowledge.

Vonnegan said...

There's nothing so satisfying as throwing a bad book away. That modern fiction read you let a friend on Facebook talk you into? Bam! It hits the kitchen trash bin with the most delightful sound, compensating you for the time you wasted reading the drecky thing.

Blackwells Bookshop in Oxford has recycled old hardbacks that have been turned them into notebooks. They're amazing; my younger son and I spent at least an hour searching for just the right titles. Here's the company that does them: https://about-blanks.com. I'm currently on The Three Musketeers and have Pilgrim's Progress in reserve.

ngtrains said...

It seems books are a great subject to followers of the blog.

I have a nearly perfect 1911 Britannia with the 1913 updates. A well known used book store had to move. I think it cost $75 in about 1972. Any thoughts on a good site to sell it.
And a couple thousand others.

A while back there was a movement toward a great book discussion every Friday night on the blog.
Wish it would come back.

Lawrence Person said...

Throw away books?

Inconceivable!

wendybar said...

I have quite a collection of books. I am starting to run out of room in my 2 gigantic built in bookshelves that I had put in, so I am starting to recycle old books that I know I will never read again. I love biographies, so those are hard to get rid of. I like to reread them when something happens to that person, or if somebody asks about them. I HATE e-books. I have some, but I much prefer a real book every time. My husbands problem is that if something happens to me, he is going to have to deal with getting rid of them!!

wendybar said...

I bring my magazines to my doctors office.

HoodlumDoodlum said...

Re-cy-cling?

Anthony said...

It's something of a. . .I don't want to say 'status symbol' (although it can be), but many people are very proud of their libraries. Way back when, I had a ton of books, mostly scholarly tomes from my graduate school days. I used many as reference books for a time, but then drifted away mostly to another field, and eventually got sick of moving them and dusting them and had a couple of Great Purges, whence I got rid of lots of 'em, mostly donations or used bookstores, but some just plain tossed. Mostly it was hard to get rid of them because it was something of a failed dream* to be in academia.

Now I have maybe two dozen that either I've written, have sentimental value, or I do refer to or read fairly often (most of the oft-read ones I've gotten as ebooks, too).

* By the time I got my PhD (years before actually) I'd decided that academia was an asylum being run by the inmates and didn't want to anyway, but it was still disappointing.

Rusty said...

hawkeyedjb said...
"Not books but magazines -"
My late brother had a full set of "Grey's Sporting Journal". It was a lifetime subscription. I had read most if not all of them and since I had no room to keep them I called around to his fishing friends and gave them away.

Narr said...

We've only moved four times since we got married in '77, and never more than a few miles.

As far as downsizing, our books (and my games and old magazines) are way down on the list of space-takers. We have too much inherited stuff of all kinds all over the house, and in storage.

Tim said...

Well, I have a LOT of books. Fortunate enough to have a Library/Office at home with room for 2000 plus books, and they are full enough that every couple of years I have to pick out another couple of hundred to go to McKay's for not very much credit. But the great thing about McKays is that they keep what might sell, they have a couple of huge bins out front that get picked over regularly where the rest of the books go, and what does not get taken gets recylced. I am glad ebook readers became affordable, and ebooks became popular, when they did, as I have around 500 ebooks now, and they only take up space on my hard drive, and Amazon's and Baen's hard drives. Even though when I die, I expect most of them to be sold/given away/recycled, for now they are like old friends, and I cannot quite bear to let them go. Including my 1980s version Collier's Encyclopedia, which while dated, is also as accurate as they could make it and not poisoned with deliberate bias.

Robert Cook said...

"Throw away books?

"Inconceivable!"


Lawrence, quite an impressive library! I have a somewhat comparable collection of P.K. Dick books, including all three editions of Entwistle Books' pubs of CONFESSION OF A CRAP ARTIST, (hardcover, limited paperback, and somewhat less limited paperback). I also have the Underwood-Miller collected short stories, the slip-sleeved limited edition (of 400, I believe) in different colored bindings, as well as the complete SELECTED LETTERS from the same publisher.

I am currently amassing the Centipede Press collections of R.A. Lafferty's short stories, up to six volumes at this time. It's expected to be 12 volumes in whole. I am missing the first volume, as I only learned about this project after the first two volumes had been published. Those first two volumes were out of print when I learned of them, but I managed to get a new copy of Volume Two from a dealer on Amazon (for just under two hundred dollars.) Volume One remains unavailable for any price I can justify paying. It would be nice if Centipede Press would publish a 2nd edition of that first volume, though I assume this is never to be.

I don't see any copies of David R. Bunch's MODERAN on your shelves, or of Bernard Wolfe's LIMBO. Not a fan? I think they're both brilliant and among the best SF ever published. I have a signed copy of the original AVON edition of MODERAN that I picked up for probably $10.00 or so at a WorldCon. (I got an original hard cover of LIMBO from the same dealer at the same time, but unsigned.) I also have two copies of the more recent (and somewhat expanded) volume of MODERAN published a few years ago by NYRB (New York Review Books), as well as a slim paperback collection of Bunch's miscellaneous short stories called BUNCH!, published by BMP, Broken Mirror Press.

(Despite my geeking out over these authors, and despite my having attended a number of regional and WorldCons, I am far less widely read in current and classic SF than you apparently are, and as many fans are.)

PresbyPoet said...

Books are time machines. We have over 10,000. Much science fiction, but coming from families of readers on both sides, there are many surprises. From my grandmother, her brother's college physics text from 1910. It is interesting to see how much they knew, and didn't know. It should remind us that what we know is still incomplete. We don't know, what we don't know.

Was just reading a biography of Catherine the Great, written in 1925 by Katharine Anthony. Almost 100 years old. Yet it provides a perspective on Putin's current attempts to expand.

Reading about the wars with the Turks sounds like the current war. "There were not enough recruits for the companies; there were not enough tents for the men;the powder was half dust; all the supplies were either defective or deficient and graft and autocracy were everywhere." Western Europe is described as "carefully preparing to defeat her aims", (pg 252). History often rhymes. Looking at the past from a different perspective can help us understand our times.

So real books, with real words are either a great blessing, or a great burden. What to keep? What to give away? What will be useful in the next turning?