"Anything that makes a text hard to read and understand, such as unnecessarily long words or complicated fonts, will lower readers' evaluations of the text and its author... The continuing popularity amongst students of using big words and attractive font styles may be due to the fact that they may not realize these techniques could backfire...."
Okay, but there's one big problem: If you make it really clear, people can see what you're saying, and if the substance is bad, you'll be caught. Which is great. Even better: In the process of making yourself clear, you may see what's bad and fix it, or — simplicity par excellence — refrain from publishing anything. That doesn't work for students who must hand something in, but it's professors who really annoy me.
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७४ टिप्पण्या:
My advice to college students: if you don't know what you're talking about, using flowery language will just force the TA to work harder to confirm his suspicion that you don't know what you're talking about. Which means he or she will be that much more irritated with you when deciding if what you wrote is worth partial credit.
Get to the point as quickly as possible. The TA has about a jillion papers to read and no actual desire to read any of them. Brevity and clarity earn you major brownie points.
Oh, you should never mess with font styles.
Bad. Bad. Bad.
Unless you're committing signage, fonts should be invisible, and by invisible I mean ordinary traditional serif text. Proportional or non-proportional isn't so critical but for the love of gawd skip the Revolution Gothic and Mobile Oil script.
Anything that makes a text hard to read and understand, such as unnecessarily long words or complicated fonts, will lower readers' evaluations of the text and its author
Find the subject.
"Find the subject."
Anything/will.
I think.
"Will lower" for the verb? "Anything" is a crappy subject, but I don't know what else it will be. It's not an implied "You" or something like that.
It's sort of ironic in context.
Clearly John Kerry never heeded this advice.
I always questioned the real intelligence of supposedly-smart people who obfuscate when writing or orating. If you're so smart, can't you figure out how to communicate clearly? Ergo, either not so smart, or smart but very lazy. In Kerry's case, it could go either way, and he has the built-in advantage of never having to change. He doesn't have to worry about money, thanks to his wife, and he never has to worry about getting elected, thanks to the brain-dead MA electorate.
Mitt would do well to heed this advice in the coming months!
Ann, you, a law professor spewing common sense like this? I have seen studies indicating that lawyers and judges preferred to use language making the law and their decisions and brief harder for non-lawyers to understand and respond to. Something about protecting the guild.
Your second paragraph could be a self parody, but I know it's not.
Frederic Remington said it about painting, but it applies here, "The most work you do is what you take away".
"Whoever thinks deeply can write clearly."
-Jürgen Moltmann
Professor Emeritus of Theology
University of Tübingen
"By keeping carefully to the real subject... and by resisting giving himself a boost on the side, the average writer can greatly simplify his labors. As a rule he knows what he wants to say, and once he is reconciled simply to saying it without wondering how it sounds, or whether the reader is going to form a high opinion of him, he will find that he is no longer at a loss for words or tangled up in relative clauses. Plain facts practically write themselves. After he has put the plain facts down in words he is used to using... he can send them off with sober confidence. The reader, astounded to get something sensible, simple, and short, may even conclude that the writer must be quite a smart guy." - James Gould Cozzens
I NEVER had a female teacher who liked Hemingway. I'm sure there are some, but I never had one.
I've never read Hemingway.
I do have a micro-press romance I bought from a lady I know whose prose is shockingly spare.
At first you think, doesn't she know how to write?
And then you realize that you could never do as well. There's no style, only substance. There's no manipulation in the prose itself, only the story.
If you want to give a paragraph more punch, pull out all the adjectives and adverbs you can. Let your nouns and verbs stand naked. They will shout for your attention.
Somebody please send this article to my sister in law, an aspiring writer.
My personal literary/language pet peeve, top of the list, is the phrase "some kind of"...
NEVER write those words. Just don't.
They're worse than an adjective or an adverb. They convey NO information.
"He had come kind of paint covering his face..."
"She saw some kind of an altercation..."
OMG! Just don't!
He had paint on his face. You either know what kind of paint it was or you don't.
She saw an altercation. Period. Full stop.
ARARGGGGGHHHH!
"Thus", I hate.
The point of good writing and good argument, truth be told, is difficult to grasp. At the end of the day, words matter. A lot. More than you think. The fact of the matter is, is, words should be used only insofar as they express something that matters.
Synova,
Re: fonts, I don't think serif/sans-serif is the divider. This site is in a sans-serif font, and it's basically "invisible" to me. Courier would irritate me. Helvetica and its clones wouldn't, unless some idiot used the heavier weights in an effort to look authoritative.
(I used Garamond until we got a good version of Bembo. My husband merged it with the old-style figures from the expert set, for something he named Bimbo. That's the only concession to font-geekness I still make these days. I like me some old-style figures.)
As for flowery writing, it's nearly always a mistake. We all have our literary vices, though. Mine's long sentences, heavily punctuated. Semicolons our specialty!
rhhardin,
I don't know what you're talking about. That sentence has a perfectly clear subject, which is "anything."
Bob Ellison,
"Thus", I hate.
But there's a case in which every alternative takes up more space. (Excepting "ergo," but somehow I don't think you're plugging for "ergo.")
I mean, what have we got? "Therefore" is the straightforward choice. "In consequence" (or "consequently")? "As a result"? "It follows that"?
College students are just trying to reassure their parents all the money they spent on tuition wasn't thrown away. It's not like they can do it with employment anymore.
You must be some kinda professional writer, Synova. Not sure which kind. :)
My pet peeves in writing are all the mistakes I make.
... and if the substance is bad, you'll be caught. Which is great.
As professor Turley's court packing scheme.
Michelle Dulak Thomson, you raise important points. They are to be regarded. I will get back to you on them, and in point of fact, your discussion will be raised to a satellite level.
This advice has a big problem: it really pisses off some people, especially managers. I've discovered that managers and ass kissers don't like underlings/colleagues getting straight to the point.
Not using vague statements and obfuscating terms makes it very difficult for them to lie through their teeth to those above them or to act like they are productive.
Forrest Gump was a movie, folks.
Long before Moltmann and Cozzens, Cato the Elder illustrated the ideal by putting it in four words and eight syllables: rem tene, verba sequentur, "keep to the subject [literally, 'hold the thing'], the words will follow".
And I'm not gonna Gump...yet.
Course talking to myself has been a life long passion.
So...
Don't judge your Gumping by me!
The Gettysburg address was less than 300 words, our Constitution is the shortest in the world (the EU's is several hundred pages. But not to worry; one of the authors said reading it is not necessary, just vote yes) and the core of the Declaration of Independence is three sentences. One of Ayn Rand's themes was that authoritarian states use language not to facilitate communication but to impede it.
"Anything that makes a text hard to read and understand, such as unnecessarily long words or complicated fonts," is called ass-covering.
As a left winger in LA said. if we can not be deep at least let be obscure
the good, if brief, twice good.
Lo bueno, si breve, dos ves bueno.
Gracian
"We all have our literary vices, though. Mine's long sentences, heavily punctuated. Semicolons our specialty!"
I don't remember when it happened but one day I'd had enough of the sorts of convoluted sentences that allowed me to avoid semi-colons.
It wasn't a gradual adaptation. I'd simply had enough of my own timidity and decided not to submit to fear any longer.
You've all clearly missed the memo by the Dread Traitor Roberts. What you write or say no longer has any standing, it is what we believe you meant to say or write that has any intrinsic merit. But I'm just rube, not at all nuanced in conlaw.
PS.
Go to come home from the hospital today! Had a bowel movement for the first time in 5 days! Still alotta pain. though. Thanx for everyones good wishes, and if you wished me dead, Sorry. :-)
Oooh boy...
I think Synova just said she wasn't gonna give up her "turtlenecks" just yet?
To value the perception of intelligence over intelligence itself is the dumbest fucking thing I've ever heard of.
Shorter post title: "How to get dumb people to think you're smart."
To value the perception of intelligence over intelligence itself is the dumbest fucking thing I've ever heard of.
How else did Obama get elected? His impressive list of accomplishments as a legal scholar, state senator and US senator?
My guess is Althouse will turn up the thermostat.
...It's summer!
Needs to be HOT.
Leslyn going with the quick jab.
No semicolons there!
Greg Hlatky apparently values being a political whore moreso than actually, successfully standing up for and intelligently articulating what you believe.
As a state senator, Obama led bipartisan passage of a bill to mandate videotaping of homicide investigations. He was credited by police organizations for his ability to work with them to enact death penalty reform. You know, small stuff.
But instead, perhaps he should have just been like the typical Republiqueen whore and done whatever the people with the most money paid him to do, regardless of what would have been good for his constituents. In Greg Hlatky's mind.
"As a state senator, Obama led bipartisan passage of a bill to mandate videotaping of homicide investigations" - what a titanic and earthshaking accomplishment! Ritmo doesn't tell us that it passed 35-0, which could be taken to prove how amazingly persuasive Obama was, or could be taken as showing that it was an obviously good idea that no reasonable person could possibly object to. Was it really difficult to convince the police that it was a good idea? I suspect that the actual number of Illinois suspects who had confessions beaten out of them was far smaller than the number who said after they had confessed that they had been beaten, and that the tapes did more to protect the police than to protect suspects.
See leslyn write. Leslyn writes well. Her Fog Index is low. A low index is good.
This is all fine advice for middle-aged types who've maxed out in their intellectual development, but I don't think it serves students well. The only way to learn to write well is to write often, and ambitiously, trying different styles until you find your voice. This means you will write a lot of crap along the way. Too bad if writing instructors have to slog through your dreck to earn their pay.
A skilled writer can craft long, intricate sentences that are not merely lucid, but moving. A hack can write gibberish in prose that's no more complex than Mickey Spillane's.
BTW, the Gettysburg Address has a 13.68 Fog Index.
Heh. I checked some of my stuff taking a random couple of paragraphs from a file. The first person romance/thriller was 9.2 ish. The third person paranormal romance was 8.5ish. The science fiction I'm working on at the moment came out higher than 13.5.
Its the wordz.
The method is flawed, however. It seems to simply count sentence length with a smattering of vocabulary. When writing fiction sentence length itself is used to control pacing for different situations. An action scene will use short words and short sentences to impart urgency. Exposition wants different treatment. Plus, science fiction has vocabulary issues.
I checked another bit that was actually an assignment for a workshop on this exact issue. My "short sentences" example averaged 6 words per sentence and a score of 4.3. The "long sentences" part which was part of the very same story, rated 14.5.
The situation for the short sentences was a tense one where at any moment people might start killing each other. The long sentence part was description and scene setting.
I suppose the test would work better for non-fiction.
That comment was 7.8.
I get a 10.8 in the first 100 words.
Cherry picker. ;-) The final sentence really racks up the points.
Rereading the whole Address with an ear for the Fog Index is like watching the Golden Gate Bridge disappear in the mists. And just as beautiful.
Oooh, language peeves!
My current one is using "zero" instead of "no", often to suggest a false precision.
There is zero reason to believe that Tom Cruise doesn't.
Apparently Chip S. is a "big picture" kinda guy, momentarily lost in his greyscale.
You're welcome, Chip!
leslyn,
"So."
Touche. But it doesn't work everywhere. Nor do most thesaurus-oid substitutions.
I am continually tussling with an editor who sincerely believes that "but" and "though" are literally interchangeable, and thinks that I overuse the former, and therefore ("so"? it'd work there) substitutes the latter willy-nilly. Sometimes they aren't equivalent.
As a state senator, Obama led bipartisan passage of a bill to mandate videotaping of homicide investigations
It's an outrage that anyone ran against him for any office thereafter.
Dr. Weevil,
"As a state senator, Obama led bipartisan passage of a bill to mandate videotaping of homicide investigations" - what a titanic and earthshaking accomplishment! Ritmo doesn't tell us that it passed 35-0, which could be taken to prove how amazingly persuasive Obama was, or could be taken as showing that it was an obviously good idea that no reasonable person could possibly object to.
Oh, you can find an ostensibly reasonable person -- or, indeed, a whole crowd of ostensibly reasonable people -- to object to anything you like. But here, yes, it's rather difficult to see any opposition at all once the issue's been brought to the floor. I mean, what would be the opposing argument? Thirty years ago you might have argued expense, but when you can buy three TB of storage for well under $200, not really.
(She says, remembering the mid-80s, when the rule for HD storage was "a dollar a meg." A little different now, isn't it?)
You have my ear, Michelle.
And if you let go of it, maybe we could have tea some time?
edutcher,
"The designer is finished, not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away."
-Saint-Exupery
MDT,
"This site is in a sans-serif font"
Speak for yourself; it's serif right now as I look at it (Firefox on XP.) In fact, a quick-and-dirty look at the html and css makes me think the page is actually calling for "Georgia Serif" if available; someone please correct me if I'm wrong about that.
"I am continually tussling with an editor who sincerely believes that 'but' and 'though' are literally interchangeable"
Want help beating him up? I'm available...
MDT,
"Thirty years ago you might have argued expense, but when you can buy three TB of storage for well under $200, not really"
Yeah, but there's unintended consequences everywhere. I have a friend who's the IT directory for the largest city in the area; production of documents in response to FOIA requests have been catastrophically affected by the presence of video archives: you have to scan and review the stuff to see if it's relevant. The backlog is long and getting longer...
I wish I could get my department to let me teach a Vocabulary class......it's all about power.
Vocabulary lets people into certain groups (ergo....lack of it it keeps people out of those groups) .....
And vocabulary lets people into groups when they bother to learn the glossary of the group they want to enter.
Vocabulary = power.
Go to free rice.net for fun - expand your vocabulary and fill a rice bowl for the World Food Programme.
My Irish mother always said that the reason my draft-doging brother never really got in trouble when he was often arrested during the Vietnam War era was due to the fact that he had a great vocabulary and he new how to convey to the authorities at large that he was an educated individual.
The older and wiser that I become, the more I see how beautifully wise she was in this regard (and so many other regards).
Kathy, it only SEEMS about power.
"If you are going to write well, read people who write well and imitate them."
I then read Christopher Hitchens and gave up entirely.
Accuracy. Whether big words or small , use the words that accurately convey the idea.
wv ighleth You'll have to excuse me I have a cold.
(the other kev)
And Glenn Greenwald still can't write worth a shit.
The point of good writing and good argument, truth be told, is difficult to grasp. At the end of the day, words matter. A lot. More than you think. The fact of the matter is, is, words should be used only insofar as they express something that matters.
Bob Ellison, I don't know if you were trying to be funny or not. You were, though. I think you meant to say, Good writing and argument is difficult.
leslyn,
One of my proudest moments as a father was when my nine year old son explained to me what mathematics was about. It was not about numbers (he said) but about "but" and "so".
I've known for years that post-graduate papers in education were mostly bullshit because they were so badly written.
Now, let's get copies of both Obamas' doctoral dissertations, and we'll see some REAL crap!
A guy at the brewery last night was talking about a technique for honing in on the biggest problem with a paper or text-based presentation: look for the longest paragraph, and sift it for the flaw. The less confident a writer is about a given point, or the more difficulty they have parsing an indeterminate ball of assumptions and poorly-defined half-baked ideas, the more they'll try to paper that confusion over with lots of words. They'll also pause before breaking that tangle into two or more smaller paragraphs, because they'll have difficulty finding the seam within the tangle.
Of course, I tend to write in those undigested unparsed chunks, so YMMV.
and?
Kirk Parker,
Speak for yourself; it's serif right now as I look at it (Firefox on XP.) In fact, a quick-and-dirty look at the html and css makes me think the page is actually calling for "Georgia Serif" if available; someone please correct me if I'm wrong about that.
Hmmm. I'm reading this on Firefox, and it sure looks like 12-point Arial to me. Then again, I've never heard of "Georgia Serif," and I'm quite sure I don't have it on this machine.
Synova,
I don't remember when it happened but one day I'd had enough of the sorts of convoluted sentences that allowed me to avoid semi-colons.
Goodness. If I read that literally, you got fed up with convoluted sentences, and learned to stop worrying and love the semicolon. Am I right?
I like semicolons for precisely that reason, as it happens: They allow me to suggest a strong connection between two statements without having to spell it out, a process that almost always takes more words.
leslyn,
Rewrite: Try leaving them out. It won't work all the time; it will work most of the time. It may feel uncomfortable at first.
You did it, at the cost of adding a semicolon :-)
What I write is classical music reviews. Not, alas, concert reviews these days, since the publication I write for is in the SF Bay Area, while I've lived in Oregon for two years. So it's CD reviews for me. I find "but" pretty well indispensable in writing about a performance with both assets and liabilities, shall we say. It may be that I over-use it, but it doesn't follow that my editor should alter my "buts" to "thoughs" without asking me to rewrite first. For example, the previous sentence reads significantly differently if you put "though" in place of "but."
Penny,
You have my ear, Michelle.
And if you let go of it, maybe we could have tea some time?
If you're anywhere near Salem, sure :-)
"Goodness. If I read that literally, you got fed up with convoluted sentences, and learned to stop worrying and love the semicolon. Am I right?"
Yes. I meant that literally. ;-)
One day I decided that risking mistakes in punctuation was preferable to making grammar pretzels.
Synova,
One day I decided that risking mistakes in punctuation was preferable to making grammar pretzels.
Semicolons aren't a mistake in punctuation; they're a use of it.
As in the previous sentence. It's true that you can put a period most places you'd put a semicolon, but not without some loss of information.
I'm sure I could use a semicolon incorrectly.
I'm talented. ;-)
But I won't let it stop me using them.
टिप्पणी पोस्ट करा